A brief review of the Afrotropical fauna of the subfamily Sciapodinae
(Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with descriptions of new species
Igor Ya. GRICHANOV
Grichanov, I.Ya. A brief review of the Afrotropical fauna of the
subfamily Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with
descriptions of new species
Sciapus endrodyi sp.n. from Ghana, Mesorhaga mahunkai sp.n.
from Tanzania are described. Keys to the Afrotropical sciapodine
genera and subgenera, and to the known species of Plagiozopelma
and Mesorhaga are given.
I.Ya. Grichanov, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection,
Podbelskogo 3, St.Petersburg-Pushkin, 189620, Russia.
Key words: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Sciapodinae, Sciapus, Mesorhaga,
Plagiozopelma, Tropical Africa.
Introduction
The world fauna of sciapodine genera was recently revised by
Bickel (1994). In his big work he proposed 21 valid genera, of which 8
occur in Afrotropical Region. Grichanov (1995, 1996a-g and this paper)
reviewed all African sciapodine genera, described two new genera, and
published catalogs and keys to their species from the Region. Now
ten genera are known from Afrotropical zoogeographical Region, of
which Ethiosciapus and Gigantosciapus are endemic for Continental
Africa and Madagascar, and Bickelia and Mascaromyia are confined to
West Indian Ocean islands. Catalogue and a key to all African genera
and subgenera are represented below.
Totally 196 Afrotropical species are known today (see Table).
Plenty of those species were briefly or incompletely described. Some
of them are known from females, others - only from males. Authors in
their descriptions often omitted important characters regarded
now as having generic level. That is why no less than 20 species are
awaiting to be synonymized or be declared Nominae Dubia in future
revisions of type material. A few dozens of species are probably left
undescribed.
The most interest distribution of species are as follows:
Chrysosoma leucopogon (Wiedemann) - Tanzania, Kenya (!), Madagascar,
Seychelles, Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Aldabra, Maldives (!),
Chagos Archipelago, Burma, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, India, Indochina, Java,
Sumatra, Thailand, Queensland, New Caledonia, Tahiti; Mascaromyia
librativertex (Lamb) - Seychelles, Mauritius (!), Chagos Archipelago
(!); Bickelia subparallela Grichanov - Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles;
Amblypsilopus munroi (Curran) - South Africa, Namibia, Angola,
Mosambique, Sri Lanka; Amblypsilopus pallidicornis (Grimshaw) -
Seychelles, Hawaiian Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands,
Guam, Belau, Taiwan.
Treating unidentified material from the collections of the Natural
History Museum, London (NHML), the Hungarian Natural History Museum
(HNHM), and Lund University (Lund), we found many interest sciapodine
species. In this paper descriptions of Mesorhaga mahunkai sp.n. from
Tanzania, Sciapus endrodyi sp.n. from Ghana and new records for known
African species are given. Catalogs and keys to known species of
Mesorhaga and Plagiozopelma are also present.
Holotypes of the new species are conserved in the Hungarian
Natural History Museum (Budapest), paratype of S. endrodyi is
deposited in the Natural History
Museum (London).
Table. Number of species and distribution of Afrotropical Sciapodinae
_____________________________________________________________________
Genus Number of Possible Undescribed Geographical
Subgenus known synonyms species distribution
species (estimate) (estimate)
_____________________________________________________________________
Mesorhaga 3 3 0 1-3 Equatorial zone;
Madagascar
Sciapus 1 1 0 2-5 Ghana
Condylostylus 12 12 1 0-3 Africa south of 10 cent.
North; Madagascar
Mascaromyia 21 21 3 2-5 West Indian Ocean
islands
Bickelia 3 3 2 0-1 West Indian Ocean
islands
Amblypsilopus 43 41 4 5-9 Africa south of Sahara;
West Indian Ocean
islands; St.Helena
Chrysosoma
Chrysosoma 66 62 12 7-15 Africa south of Sahara;
West Indian Ocean
islands
Kalocheta 5 5 1 0-2 Equatorial zone
Gigantosciapus 11 11 3 0-3 West Africa; Equatorial
zone; Madagascar
Ethiosciapus
Ethiosciapus 8 8 2 0-2 Africa south of 5 cent.
North; Seychelles;
Madagascar
Bickeliolus 6 6 1 0-2 Africa south of Equator;
St.Helena; Seychelles;
Madagascar
Plagiozopelma 17 16 4 1-5 Tropical forests of
Africa & Madagascar
Total 196 35 18-55
_____________________________________________________________________
[1.X.1997] 3+1+12+21+3+41+62+5+11+8+6+16 = 189
List of Afrotropical genera and subgenera of Sciapodinae
Mesorhagini
Mesorhaga Schiner, 1868
Sciapodini
Sciapus Zeller, 1842
Condylostylus Bigot, 1859
Mascaromyia Bickel, 1994
Bickelia Grichanov, 1996a
Chrysosomatini
Amblypsilopus Bigot, 1889
Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville, 1831
Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville, 1831
Kalocheta Becker, 1923
Gigantosciapus Grichanov, 1996g
Ethiosciapus Bickel, 1994
Ethiosciapus Bickel, 1994
Bickeliolus Grichanov, 1996d
Plagiozopelma Enderlein, 1912
Key to Afrotropical genera and subgenera of Sciapodinae
1. Middle and/or hind femora with distinct anterior preapical setae..2
- Femora without strong anterior preapical setae....................3
2. Hind femora only with anterior preapical seta; propleuron without
strong ventral setae........................................Sciapus
- Both middle and hind femora with anterior preapical setae; propleuron
with more or less strong ventral setae.....................Bickelia
3. Vein M2 absent, without fold or indication on membrane; dorsocentral
bristles strong in both sexes; arista usually dorsal; strong
vertical seta present in both sexes; clypeus adjacent to margin of
eyes......................................................Mesorhaga
- Vein M2 present, even if as fold or indication on membrane; other
features various..................................................4
4. Both pairs of scutellar setae long; wing often with dark brown band;
arista dorsal or dorsoapical; pedicel with long dorsal and ventral
setae; frons of both sexes with raised mound bearing strong vertical
seta and sometimes numerous hairs.....................Condylostylus
- Scutellum usually with one pair of strong setae, lateral setae
short, hairlike or absent; frons with vertical seta present or
absent, but without vertical seta arising on setose mound; other
features various..................................................5
5. Arista usually apical on triangular first flagellomere; m-cu often
sinuous; arista usually long, and more than half body length in
females; male arista sometimes with apical flag; fore tibia often
with long setae...................................................6
- Arista usually distinctly dorsal on subrectangular first
flagellomere and rarely longer than head width, or if apical or
dorsoapical, then always with following characters: male arista
rarely with apical flag, tibial chaetotaxy often weak, especially
on males; m-cu usually straight..................................10
6. Vertical setae or hairs absent in both sexes, m-cu straight or
slightly convex, pleura usually yellow, first flagellomere very
long, frons and face narrow, acrostichal setae weak and short, all
tibiae and first tarsomeres with strong bristles in both sexes;
cercus simple........................................Gigantosciapus
- Strong (at least in female) or hairlike vertical setae present, m-cu
often sinuous, first flagellomere usually short, frons and face
usually broad, acrostichal setae often long.......................7
7. Crossvein m-cu usually straight, 2 or 3 long acrostichal setae
present, legs elongate, with a few major setae, male fore tibia
sometimes with strong curved posterior subapical seta; cercus
simple.........................................Amblypsilopus (part)
- Crossvein m-cu usualy sinuouse; tibiae often with major setae;
cercus usually deeply forked......................................8
8. Frons highly polished metallic blue-green; male frons bare or with
single weak vertical seta only; male scape often swollen and
vaselike; fore coxa with either 3-7 strong lateral spine-like setae
(stronger in females than males), or fore coxa with 3 strong black
distolateral setae....................................Plagiozopelma
- Vertex and frons usually with pruinosity; male frons often with
hairs on lateral slope; male scape rarely swollen and vaselike; fore
coxa without strong lateral spine-like setae; pedicel often with
long ventral and dorsal setae.....................................9
9. Male and female arista strongly flattened and strap-like with
hairlike apical part.........................Chrysosoma (Kalocheta)
- Arista usually simple, sometimes with apical flag..................
.......................................Chrysosoma (Chrysosoma s.s.)
10. Male cercus with distinctive sclerotized basal hook; male fore
basitarsomere flattened and forming ventral cushion with dense pale
pile; lateral scutellar absent..................................11
- Male cercus without sclerotized basal hook; other features various
................................................................12
11. Male with strong vertical seta; femora usually bare; cercus
usually with apical brush of long hairs; acrostichals short or
absent; alula reduced...................Ethiosciapus (Bickeliolus)
- Male with group of hairs laterally on frons; femora usually with
long black ventral hairs; cercus usually with short or long hairs,
but without apical brush; 3 long acrostichal setae; alula well
developed.........................Ethiosciapus (Ethiosciapus s.s.)
12. Male usually with some anterior dorsocentrals weak and hairlike;
vertical setae in males usually strongly reduced, or lateral frons
with dense hairs; female fore femora rarely with strong basoventral
setae; cercus usually simple..................Amblypsilopus (part)
- 4-5 dorsocentrals, all strong in both sexes; strong vertical setae
present either in both sexes or in females only; proclinate
vertical setae sometimes absent in males; cercus usually with two
strong ventral projections; female fore femora often with stout
basoventral setae......................................Mascaromyia
Mesorhaga Schiner
There is a first record of male Mesorhaga in Ethiopian Region. M.
mahunkai sp.n. could be comprised in canberrensis Group of Australian
Mesorhaga (Bickel, 1994), being separated by white hairs on ventral
postcranium, dark setae on lower calipter and hypopygium morphology.
The new species cannot be associated with known females of M. pauliani
and M. africana, strongly differing by wing morphology and legs
coloration.
List of Afrotropical species of Mesorhaga
africana Curran, 1927:264 - Zaire
mahunkai sp.n. - Tanzania
pauliani Vanschuytbroeck, 1952:137 - Madagascar
Mesorhaga mahunkai sp.n.
(Fig. 1)
Holotype. Male. Tanzania: Kwamgumi, Tanga region / 17.II.1987,
leg. Mahunka.
Description. Frons and face metallic blue-green, mostly gray
pollinose. A hair-like front vertical seta bends forward; ocellar
tubercle with a pair of strong bristles and a pair of weak posterior
hairs; 2 long and 2 shorter postvertical setae are positioned as a
linear continuation of the postocular setal row. Ventral postcranium
covered with irregular white hairs. Face narrowed, clypeus adjacent to
margin of eyes. Proboscis orange, palpi brown, with light hairs and
black apical seta. Antennae black. Pedicel with short dorsal and
ventral bristles. First flagellomere rounded, as long as its height.
Arista dorsal, microscopically haired. Length ratio of pedicel to
first flagellomere to it height to arista - 5:4:6:46.
Mesonotum and scutellum metallic blue-green, slightly gray
pollinose. Pleura bronze-black, gray pollinose. 5 dorsocentral
bristles, 3 acrostichals, 2 pairs of scutellar bristles. Most of
bristles broken.
Legs. Coxae dark-brown, gray pollinose, with light hairs and
brownish setae. Fore legs broken. Middle femora except apical fourth
and hind femora, narrow apex of hind tibia brown, second to fifth
segments of tarsi dark-brown, tibiae and basitarsomeres yellow. Middle
femora with fine brownish ventral hairs, as long as femora diameter.
Middle tibia bare, tarsus simple. Length ratio of middle coxa to
femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 2.5 : 6.8 :
9.8 : 6.4 : 2.4 : 1.6 : 0.9 : 0.9. Hind leg bare. Last tarsomere of
hind tarsus slightly flattened. Length ratio of hind coxa to femora to
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 1.8 : 9.0 : 12.0 :
4.0 : 3.7 : 2.3 : 1.7 : 0.9.
Wings hyaline, smokey in anterior half, veins brown. R2+3
straight. R4+5 gently curved to M1 at apex. M1 with gentle curvation.
Ratio of parts of costa between R2+3 and R4+5 to those between R4+5
and M1 - 42 : 7. M2 absent. Crossvein m-cu straight. Ratio of
crossvein m-cu to apical part of M1+2 (up to curvation) to apical part
of CuA - 25 : 45 : 37. Anal vein and lobe present. Lower calipter
brown, with dark setae. Halter stem yellow, halter knob brown.
Abdomen bronze-black, with short black hairs. First tergum with
narrow membranous excavation and a few long black disto-lateral
bristles. Fifth tergum ventrally swollen; sixth and seventh segments
shortened; first to sixth segments together nearly 4 times as long as
mesonotum. Hypopygium brown, epandrium elongate. Cercus mostly brown,
dorso-laterally with numerous long black bristles in the middle,
apically with 3 strong spines and thin ventral apophysis bearing soft
thin appendix on apex. Surstylus elongate, with four thin apical
lobes, each of them bearing 1-2 setae. Epandrial lobe long, flattened,
serrate at apex and bearing 2 setae in apical third.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 3.7 mm; antenna 0.8 mm; wing-length 3.8 mm;
wing-width 1.3 mm.
Distribution: East Tanzania.
Diagnosis. The new species can be separated from other
Afrotropical species using the following key:
1. M1+2 with gentle curvation; apical part of CuA1 1.5 times as long
as m-cu; hind femora brown, hind tibia and basitarsomere yellow...
.......................................................M. mahunkai
- M1+2 with two nearly right angle bends; apical part of CuA1 no
longer than m-cu; hind basitarsomere brown or black..............2
2. Hind leg entirely black................................M. pauliani
- Hind femora brownish except yellow apex, hind tibia dark-yellow
except brownish apex, hind basitarsomere brownish......M. africana
Sciapus Zeller
There is a first reliable record of the genus Sciapus (sensu
Bickel, 1994) from Africa south of Sahara. S. endrodyi sp.n. is most
close to S. adumbratus Becker from Egypt, being separated by smaller
size, yellow and slightly pollinose thorax, hyaline wing, fold-like
M2, shorter hind basitarsomere and tibia, and probably by ornamented
middle tarsus. S. adumbratus has thickly pollinose thorax, dark spot
at wing apex, distinct M2, hind tibia twice as long as femora, hind
basitarsomere slightly shorter than second tarsomere (Becker, 1902).
Indication of S. adumbratus from Zaire (Vanschuytbroeck, 1959)
probably referred to the new species. Two Gambian females from the
collection of Lund University possibly belong also to S. endrodyi.
Records of Palearctic species such as S. longimanus Becker from Zaire,
Zimbabwe, and Madagascar and S. sylvaticus Becker from Madagascar
(Vanschuytbroeck, 1951, 1952, 1959) should be belonged to undescribed
species of Sciapus or Amblypsilopus.
Sciapus endrodyi sp.n.
(Fig. 2)
Holotype. Male. Ghana: Kumasi / 24.VI.1967, leg. Endrody-Y.
Paratype. Male with the same label.
Description. Frons black, gray pollinose. A strong long front
vertical bristle bends forward, 2 postverticals are positioned as a
linear continuation of the postocular setal row. Ocellar tubercle
with a pair of strong bristles. Ventral postcranium covered with
irregular white hairs. Face white pollinose, greatly narrowed in the
middle. Proboscis and palpi brownish-yellow, with light hairs, palpus
with short brown seta. Antennae shorter than height of head. Scape
and pedicel yellow, the last with short setae. First flagellomere
brownish, rounded, as long as its height, densely pubescent. Arista
dorsoapical, microscopically haired. Length ratio of scape to pedicel
to first flagellomere to arista - 3:3:5:24.
Mesonotum, scutellum and pleura yellow-brownish, slightly gray
pollinose. 5 dorsocentral bristles present, a few short acrostichals
in two rows, restricted to anterior half of mesonotum. Scutellum with
a pair of strong bristles and a pair of lateral hairs. All the
bristles brown-black.
Legs including coxae yellow. Fore and middle coxae with yellow
hairs and a few yellow apical setae. Hind coxa with a brownish
external seta. Fifth segment of all tarsi brown and slightly
flattened. Fore femora with 3 short light basoventral setae.
postero-dorsal bristle. Fore tibia and tarsus simple, but tibia with
small apical antero-ventral scale. Length ratio of fore coxa to femora
to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 3.3 : 5.1 : 4.9 :
3.6 : 1.3 : 0.8 : 0.8 : 0.6. Middle tibia with 1 short antero-dorsal
and 2 apical setae; basitarsomere with two apico-ventral setae.
Second, third and fourth tarsomeres each with a group of short but
strong ventral erect setulae. Length ratio of middle coxa to femora to
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 2.3 : 6.1 : 6.8 : 4.3
: 1.9 : 1.0 : 1.0 : 0.7. Hind femora with distinct anterior preapical
seta. Hind tibia and basitarsomere slightly thickened, with small
posterior apical scale. Length ratio of hind coxa to femora to tibia
to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 1.6 : 6.5 : 8.0 : 2.2 : 3.2
: 1.5 : 0.9 : 0.7.
Wings hyaline, veins yellowish-brown. R2+3 going parallel with
costa. R4+5 faintly curved to M1 in apical fifth. M1 with gentle arc
to apex. Ratio of parts of costa between R2+3 and R4+5 to those
between R4+5 and M1 - 12 : 3. M2 as evanescent fold on membrane.
Crossvein m-cu straight. Ratio of crossvein m-cu to apical part of
M1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of CuA - 16 : 20 : 17. Anal vein
absent, anal lobe reduced. Anal angle obtuse. Lower calipter yellow,
with brown apex and dark hairs. Halters yellow with short thin stem.
Abdomen mostly yellow, with brownish borders of first four
tergums. First tergum with long dark disto-lateral setae. Unmodified
segments together nearly 4 times as long as mesonotum. Hypopygium
yellow, with short hairs. Apex of cercus and surstylus, base of
hypandrium brownish. Epandrium with massive ventral prominence bearing
disto-apical seta. Epandrial lobe with 1 long and 1 short setae.
Surstylus simple, with short apical setulae. Cerci fused at base, as
long as surstylus, pointed on apex, with strong basal setae.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 2.2 mm; antenna 0.5 mm; wing-length 2.2 mm;
wing-width 0.6 mm.
Distribution: Ghana.
Bickelia Grichanov
See Grichanov (1996a) for diagnosis and key to species of
Bickelia. Bickelia is endemic genus from West Indian Ocean islands.
A number of males and females of B. subparallela Grichanov were
collected from Chagos Archipelago and Seychelles, while females of
other species, B. parallela (Macquart) and B. guerini (Parent) were
described from Mauritius. It is quite possible that all these species
will be synonymized, when males of Bickelia will be found on
Mauritius.
Bickelia subparallela Grichanov
Additional record. 5 males and 4 females, Seychelles: Mahe, Beau
Vallon, 24.III.-9.IV.1965, Tams and Nye, B.M. 1966-72.
Distribution: Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles.
Amblypsilopus Bigot
See Grichanov (1996e) for catalogue and key to species of
Amblypsilopus.
Amblypsilopus parilis (Parent)
Material examined. Male, RSA: Natal, Richards Bay, 28o46'S,
32o04'E, 24.X.1994, loc. 31, leg. R. Danielsson [Lund].
Diagnosis. A. parilis differs by the following combination of
characters. Face white pollinose; palpus and proboscis black; all
femora with two rows of short white ventral hairs in basal half; first
tarsomere of fore tarsus 2.65 times as long as second article and
nearly as long as rest; fore tarsus with simple setulae; middle tibia
and tarsus with short erected setulae. Cercus blackish, whip-like,
with light and dark dense hairs, at most 1/10 as long as cercus.
Epandrial lobe reduced, with its setae raising on the ventral side of
surstylus base.
Distribution: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Zaire,
Nigeria.
Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville
See Grichanov (1996f) for catalogue and key to species of
Chrysosoma.
Chrysosoma (Chrysosoma) gemmeum (Walker)
Material examined. Male, Gambia: Outside Abuko Nature Reserve at
Waterworks, in and at Lamin Stream, 25-26.II.1977. Loc. No. 6. UTM
28PCK215812 / Lund Univ., Syst. Dept., Sweden Gambia/Senegal.
Febr.-March 1977, Cederholm - Danielsson - Larsson - Mirestrom -
Norling - Samuelsson. Male, Senegal: in Forest 1 km NE Djibelor about
7.5 km SW Ziguinchor, swept along roadside, 8.XI.1977. UTM 28PCJ5687.
Loc. 29 / Lund Univ., Syst. Dept., Sweden Gambia/Senegal. Nov. 1977,
Cederholm - Danielsson - Hammarstedt - Hedquist - Samuelsson.
Diagnosis. C. gemmeum is associated with a group of species
having more than four long setae and a white preapical ring on middle
basitarsomere. Frons with one whitish vertical hair; fore
basitarsomere with ventral pile of short hairs; middle basitarsomere
with white ring covered with very short yellow pectination on dorsal
side. Cercus dorsally setose, with thin pointed apophysis in basal
half and leaf-like apical projection. Surstylus with fine apical setae
and distinct apico-dorsal dens.
Distribution. Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Gambia (!), Senegal (!).
Ethiosciapus Bickel
See Grichanov (1996d) for catalogue and key to species of
Ethiosciapus.
Ethiosciapus (Ethiosciapus) flavirostris (Loew)
Material examined. 5 males, 9 females, RSA: Natal, Richards Bay,
28o46'S, 32o04'E [and "17 km NE Empangeni, Nseleni River, 28o42'S,
32o01'E"], 24.X.1994, loc. 31 [& 32], leg. R. Danielsson [Lund].
Diagnosis. Male with a group of hairs laterally on frons, 2 strong
posterior and hairlike anterior dorsocentral setae; 3 long
acrostichals. Fore coxa yellow except base, other coxae black; femora
yellow, with long black ventral hairs, fore tibia with 2 long
postero-ventral bristles; fore basitarsomere ventrally flattened.
Lower calipter with light cilia. Third sternum with 2 strong black setae.
Cercus yellow, with brown border on apex, pale ventral hairs and black
lateral and apical hairs, with thin basoventral hook. E. flavirostris
is very closely related to E. bicalcaratus Parent and the two species
can be separated using the following key:
1. Middle femora with a row of black ventral hairs no longer than
femora diameter; male cercus with apical hairs nearly as long as
cercus..............................................E. flavirostris
- Middle femora with a row of black ventral hairs 1.5 times longer
than femora diameter; male cercus with apical hairs approximately
half as long as cercus..............................E. bicalcaratus
Distribution. South Africa, Mozambique, ?Ethiopia.
Plagiozopelma Enderlein
The name Plagiozopelma was raised from synonymy by Bickel & Dyte
(1989) for a number of species, most of which were originally
described in Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville. See generic diagnosis in
Bickel (1994). The genus occurs widely across the Oriental, African
and Australian tropics. Most Afrotropical species of Plagiozopelma are
confined to Equatorial zone. Below there are catalogue and first
key to Afrotropical species of Plagiozopelma.
List of Afrotropical species of Plagiozopelma
(for references see Dyte & Smith, 1980)
angulitarse Parent, 1933:18 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire
bequaerti Curran, 1926:2 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire, Uganda (!Male, Kalinzu
Forest, T.H.E. Jackson [NHML])
capilliferum Parent, 1933:22 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire
collarti Curran, 1927:249 (Chrysosoma) - Congo, Malawi, Uganda, Zaire
conjectum Parent, 1934:116 (Chrysosoma) - Ghana
daveyi Parent, 1939:261 (Chrysosoma) - Malawi
du Curran, 1929:2 (Chrysosoma) - Liberia, Zaire
flavum Vanschuytbroeck, 1962:353 (Megistostylus) - Madagascar
ghesquieri Parent, 1936:2 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire
grahami Parent, 1939:264 (Chrysosoma) - Ghana
inops Parent, 1929:202 (Chrysosoma) - Liberia, Benin, Tanzania, Zaire
lindneri Vanschuytbroeck, 1964:3 (Megistostylus) - Tanzania, n.comb.
nalense Curran, 1926:6 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire, Nigeria, Tanzania
njalense Parent, 1934:118 (Chrysosoma) - Sierra Leone
piliseta Parent, 1936:4 (Chrysosoma) - Zaire
ramiseta Parent, 1939:266 (Chrysosoma) - Sierra Leone, Zimbabve, Zaire
tritiseta Parent, 1929:271 (Chrysosoma) - Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria,
Zaire
Key to Afrotropical species of Plagiozopelma
1. Pleura yellow; all coxae yellow; m-cu straight..........P. njalense
- Thorax entirely dark..............................................2
2. Arista bare and simple............................................3
- Arista apically haired and/or flattened...........................8
3. All coxae yellow...........................................P. flava
- Posterior four coxae black or having broad black spot.............4
4. Cercus with thin basodorsal apophysis...................P. lindneri
- Cercus with ventral apophysis or simple...........................5
5. Vein m-cu straight; fore tibia without long setae..........P. inops
- Vein m-cu sinuate; fore tibia with long apical setae..............6
6. Cercus with short apical cilia...........P. nalense; P. angulitarse
- Cercus with long apical cilia.....................................7
7. Cercus with short basoventral apophysis; fore tibia with 1 long
apical seta.........................................P. capilliferum
- Cercus with long basoventral apophysis; fore tibia with 3-4 long
apical setae............................................P. piliseta
8. Fore tibia without long apical setae; arista with 3 flattened nodes
.......................................................P. tritiseta
- Fore tibia with a few long apical setae...........................9
9. Fore coxa without lateral spines; second tarsomere of fore tarsus
strongly sinuate.......................................P. conjectum
- Fore coxa with a row of lateral spines...........................10
10. Arista simple but having small apical brush of hairs....P. grahami
- Arista distinctly flattened.....................................11
11. Arista widely flattened at apex.................................12
- Arista narrow, lanceolate in apical half........................13
12. Fore tibia with long fine antero-ventral seta slightly beyond the
middle and two small one preceding it.................P. bequaerti
- Fore tibia with 2 ventral rows of fine cilia in middle part.......
.......................................................P. ramiseta
13. Cercus having ventral prominence in basal half and only short hairs
.....................................................P. ghesquieri
- Cercus with distinct basoventral apophysis......................14
14. Cercus with long apical hairs, as long as cercus.........P. daveyi
- Cercus with short hairs on apex.................................15
15. Arista with longest cilia in front of long flattened lamella;
third tarsomere of fore tarsus half as long as following one......
.......................................................P. collarti
- Arista with longest cilia on the short flattened lamella;
third tarsomere of fore tarsus
as long as following one......P. du
Acknowledgements
I am sincerely grateful to Dr. Brian Pitkin, Dr. Laslo Papp, and
Dr. Roy Danielsson for their kindness in furnishing an opportunity to
study the collections of the Natural History Museum (London), the
Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest), and Lund University. Dr.
Daniel Bickel generously provided his valuable monograph.
References
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Remark under figures
Figs 1-2. Hypopygium, lateral view. 1, Mesorhaga mahunkai sp.n.
2, Sciapus endrodyi sp.n.