(DIPTERA: DOLICHOPODIDAE)
Igor Ya. GRICHANOV
Grichanov, I.Ya The Afrotropical species of the genus
Rhaphium Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
10 species of the genus Rhaphium are described from Kenya,
Uganda and South Africa. Catalogue and a key to Afrotropical
species of Rhaphium are given.
I.Ya. Grichanov, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection,
Podbelskogo 3, St.Petersburg-Pushkin, 189620, Russia.
Key words: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Rhaphium, Africa.
Introduction
Dolichopodid Afrotropical fauna of the genus Rhaphium Mg. remains
little studied. Loew (1858, 1860) described a female of Xiphandrium
(=Rhaphium) triste Lw. from South Africa, which is probably to be
designated as species incertae sedis on the basis of the character
"third antennal segment short, rounded". Loew's collection in the
Berlin University does not have the type of the species (Negrobov et
al.. 1982). Later, the species Rh. currani Parent (=Rh. triste
Curran, nec Loew), Rh. sexsetosum and Rh. rweruensis
(Vanschuytbroeck, 1951) were described, but we have not examined
them. Recently, three new species were described from Zaire (Negrobov
et al., 1982).
Many new species and records of the genus Rhaphium Mg. from
Tropical and South Africa were found in the rich collection of the
Natural History Museum in London. All of the newly described and
examined afrotropical species of the genus have the following
features.
One pair of ocellar and external vertical bristles. Postocular
bristles black in the upper part and white in the lateral and lower
parts of the head. Eyes with short white hairs. Antennae black,
inserted in the upper part of the head; scape bare, pedicel with
small bristles. Arista inserted in apex of first flagellomere.
Propleura with some white hairs. Scutellum with two long bristles.
All segments of abdomen dark, with dark hairs and bristles. Wings
slightly darkened, veins yellowish brown.
Holotypes and paratypes are deposited in the Natural History Museum
(London).
List of known species of Rhaphium from Afrotropical Region
Rhaphium, Meigen, 1803:272. Type species Rh. macrocerum Mg., 1824,
by designation of Curtis, 1835:568.
bukzeevae sp.n. - Uganda
bulyginskayae sp.n. - Kenya
currani Parent, 1939:282 (Xiphandrium) - South Africa, Zimbabwe,
Zaire(?), Nigeria(?)
=triste Curran, 1926, not Loew (misidentification)
grootaerti Negrobov, Grichanov, Bakari, 1982:192 - Zaire, Uganda(!)
doroninae sp.n. - Uganda
macrocerum Meigen, 1824:29 - St. Helena, North Africa, Europe,
Central Asia
mcveighi sp.n. - Uganda, Kenya
reaveyi sp.n.- Kenya
ovsyannikovae sp.n. - Uganda
picketti sp.n. - Uganda, Kenya
pitkini sp.n. - South Africa
rweruensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1951:108 (Xiphandrium) - Zaire
sexsetosum Vanschuytbroeck, 1951:110 (Xiphandrium) - Zaire
shamshevi sp.n. - Uganda
triste Loew, 1858:341; 1860:352 (Xiphandrium) - South Africa
vanschuytbroecki Negrobov, Grichanov, Bakari, 1982:190 - Zaire,
Uganda(!), Kenya(!)
zairensis Negrobov, Grichanov, Bakari, 1982:192 - Zaire, Uganda(!),
Kenya(!)
zakonnikovae sp.n. - Uganda
Key to Afrotropical species of Rhaphium Mg.
1. Basal segments of abdomen yellow ................................2
- Abdomen completely dark .........................................3
2. Fore tibiae with row of 4-5 strong anterior bristles, halteres
brown.......................................Rh. sexsetosum Vansch.
- Fore tibiae without such row of bristles, halteres yellow
............................................Rh. rweruensis Vansch.
3. Fore and middle femora black except apex, hind femora brown
..................................................Rh. triste Lw. *
- Femora yellow or brownish yellow ................................4
4. Males ...........................................................5
- Females ........................................................19
5. Fore tibiae with 2 strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal
third ...........................................................6
- Fore tibiae with simple dorsal setae ...........................10
6. Cerci bifurcated .................................Rh. currani Par.
- Cerci simple, filiform ..........................................7
7. First flagellomere 3 times as long as high at base, and as long as
arista .................................Rh. zairensis Negr. et al.
- First flagellomere 7-9 times as long as high at base, and 3 and
more times longer than arista ...................................8
8. Face 2-2.5 times as high as wide under antennae; first
flagellomere 13 times longer than arista; fore femora without long
ciliae .....................................Rh. zakonnikovae sp.n.
- Face 3.5-4 times as high as wide under antennae.......9
9. Fore femora with a row of 9-10 posteroventral ciliae of the same
length; arista one-third the length of first flagellomere.........
...........................................Rh. bulyginskayae sp.n.
- Fore femora with posterior and ventral irregular rows of hairs of
different length; arista one-fifth the length of first flagellomere
...............................................Rh. shamshevi sp.n.
10. Fore tibiae with a row of 5-10 short anterodorsal bristles ...11
- Fore tibiae at most with 2 antero- and 2 posterodorsal bristles..
...............................................................15
11. Cerci bifurcated .....................Rh. grootaerti Negr. et al.
- Cerci simple, filiform ........................................12
12. Fore tibiae with 2 rows of thin ventral hairs, which are longer
than diameter of tibia ........ Rh. vanschuytbroecki Negr. et al.
- Fore tibiae with ventral setulae, which are shorter than diameter
of tibia ......................................................13
13. 3 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles; fore femora without
ciliae in basal half ...........................Rh. pitkini sp.n.
- 4 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles; fore femora with thin
posteroventral ciliae in basal half ...........................14
14. Arista one-third the length of first flagellomere; fore tibiae
with a row of feable dorsal setulae .....Rh. ovsyannikovae sp.n.
- Arista one-sixth the length of first flagellomere; fore tibiae
with a row of strong dorsal setae ...........Rh. doroninae sp.n.
15. Fore tibiae and basitarsi with 1-2 rows of long strong ventral
bristles ......................................................16
- Fore legs without rows of long bristles .......................17
16. First segment of fore tarsi nearly as long as second segment ....
................................................Rh. reaveyi sp.n.
- First segment of fore tarsi twice as long as the next segment ...
...............................................Rh. picketti sp.n.
17. Gonopodes with a bundle of long yellow bristles, reaching the
middle of third tergit, 5 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles .
...............................................Rh. macrocerum Mg.
- Gonopodes without such bundle, 4 pairs of strong dorsocentral
bristles ......................................................18
18. No small setulae between strong dorsocentral bristles; fore
tibiae with 2 posterodorsal setae only .......Rh. bukzeevae sp.n.
- One pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of
strong dorsocentral bristles; fore tibiae with 2 antero- and 2
posterodorsal setae ...........................Rh. mcveighi sp.n.
19. Fore tibiae with 2 strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal
third .........................................................20
- Fore tibiae with simple dorsal setae ..........................22
20. Arista black ..............................Rh. zakonnikovae sp.n.
- Arista whitish ................................................21
21. Face pollinose, but under antennae with metallic brilliant
triangle touched clypeus with apex ....Rh. zairensis Negr. et al.
- Face completely mat ......................... Rh. shamshevi sp.n.
22. Fore tibiae with a row of 5-7 short dorsal bristles ............
Rh. grootaerti Negr. et al., Rh. vanschuytbroecki Negr. et al.,
Rh. pitkini sp.n.
- Fore tibiae at most with 2 antero- and 2 posterodorsal bristles..
...............................................................23
23. 5 pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles .....Rh. macrocerum Mg.
- 4 pairs of strong and 1-2 pairs of reduced dorsocentral bristles
...............................................................24
24. No small setulae between strong dorsocentral bristles; fore
tibiae with 2 posterodorsal setae only .......Rh. bukzeevae sp.n.
- One pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of
strong dorsocentral bristles; fore tibiae with 2 antero- and 2
posterodorsal setae ...........................................25
25. First flagellomere twice as long as high at base.................
...............................................Rh. mcveighi sp.n.
- First flagellomere thrice as long as high at base ...............
................................................Rh. reaveyi sp.n.
__________
* described from a female
Descriptions and new records
Rhaphium zairensis Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakari (Fig. 1)
Material examined: 37 males, 7 females. Kenya: 15-20.XII.1970 (A.
E. Stubbs), BM 1972-211 / Kakamega Forest, 5200 feet. 1 male, Kenya:
15-20.XII.1970 (A.E. Stubbs), BM 1972-211 / Kericho, 6500 feet. 1
male, Kenya: 15-20.XII.1970 (A.E. Stubbs), BM 1972-211 / Lake Nakuru,
5767 feet. 1 female, Kenya: Aberdare Range, 25.X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp.
B.M.1935-203 / Mt. Kinangop, 9000 ft (F.W. Edwards). 2 males, Uganda:
Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 /
Kilembe, 4500 ft (F.W. Edwards).
Distribution: Mountain areas of East Zaire, Uganda and West Kenya.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. zairensis can be separated from other
species with two strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third of
fore tibiae by linear measurements of first flagellomere, arista and
face, by morphology of cerci and gonopodes and by some other
features. Females are distinguished from Rh. zakonnikovae by whitish
arista, from Rh. shamshevi by partly brilliant clypeus, but probably
only slightly differs from unknown females of Rh. currani and Rh.
bulyginskayae.
Rhaphium zakonnikovae sp.n. (Fig. 2)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Kigezi Dist., XI.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.
1935-203 / Mt. Mgahinga, 10-11000 ft (F.W. Edwards). Paratype. Female
with same data as holotype.
Description. Frons metallic black, with violet reflection, slightly
greyish pollinose. Face densely silvery-white pollinose, with
narrowing edges, 2.5 times as high as wide under antennae and 1.5
times as wide as height of first flagellomere. Occiput black, grey
pollinose. Palpi and proboscis short, brown, covered with small brown
hairs. Antennae 1.5 times as long as height of head. First
flagellomere oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, densely pubescent, ratio
of its length to height at base, 6.5 : 0.7. Arista with short hairs,
simple, 1/13-th the length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic black, pleura greyish-white pollinose. Three
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced hairs in front of
them, and a pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of
strong bristles, acrosticals only in fore part of mesonotum, in two
rows.
Legs and coxae yellow, middle and posterior coxae with brownish
spot at base, hind femora at apex, hind tibia and tarsi and apical
segments of other tarsi brownish. Fore coxae from the front with
yellow hairs and bristles of various length. Middle coxae from the
front with yellow hairs and with a strong dark bristle, with thin
brown apical horn, from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one
long black external bristle, with several yellow hairs. Fore, middle
and hind femora with a few preapical bristles or hairs. Fore tibiae
with two strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third. Fore tarsi
simple. Length ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 4.9 : 3.9 : 1.8 : 1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0. Middle tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two short posterodorsal, one short posteroventral and
three or four apical bristles. Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus
(segments from first to fifth), 7.9 : 5.1 : 2.1 : 1.5 : 1.1 : 0.8.
Hind tibiae with two anterodorsal, two posterodorsal and three or
four apical bristles. Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments
from first to fifth), 11.3 : 3.4 : 2.3 : 2.0 : 1.4 : 1.1.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 3.8 : 1.2. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 7.7 : 6.1. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 2.2 : 5.5. Squamae yellow, with yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen dark-brown, slightly grey pollinose. All segments of
abdomen with dark and light hairs and bristles. Hypopygium dark
brown, with short bristles. Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci long,
narrow, filiform, with long external hairs. Ventral appendices short,
oval, with dark setae. Gonopodes narrow, with long distal leaf-like
lobe.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face black, completely
greyish-white pollinose, with parallel edges, twice as high as wide
under antennae and nearly twice as wide as height of first
flagellomere; palpi shorter than width of face; antennae slightly
longer than height of head; first flagellomere twice as long as heigh
at base. Length ratio of first flagellomere to arista, 1.5 : 3.8.
Arista black.
Length: body 2.7 - 3.0 mm; body with antennae 3.5 - 4.0 mm;
wing-length 3.9 mm; wing-width 1.4 mm.
Distribution: Mountain area of Uganda.
Etymology. The species named after the Russian entomologist Mrs
Ksenia Zakonnikova.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. zakonnikovae can be separated from other
species with two strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third of
fore tibiae by the following combination of attributes: first
flagellomere 9 times as long as high at base, 13 times longer than
arista, face 2.5 times as high as wide under antennae, fore femora
without long ciliae, cerci simple, gonopodes with long leaf-like
distal lobe. Females are distinguished from known species by black
arista, but probably do not differ much from unknown females of other
species.
Rhaphium bulyginskayae sp.n. (Fig. 3)
Holotype. Male, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.
1935-203 / Katamayo, 8000 ft (F.W. Edwards).
Description. Frons metallic black, with violet reflection, face
densely greyish-white pollinose. Face with narrowing edges, four
times as high as wide under antennae and nearly as wide as height of
first flagellomere. Occiput black, slightly grey pollinose. Palpi and
proboscis short, brown, covered with small brown hairs. Antennae 1.5
times as long as height of head. First flagellomere oblong, narrow,
stripe-formed, densely pubescent, ratio of its length to height at
base, 4.2 : 0.6. Arista with short hairs, simple, one-third the
length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic black, pleura greyish-white pollinose. Three
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with hairs in front of them,
and a pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs of strong
bristles, acrosticals only in fore part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs and fore coxae yellow, middle and posterior coxae brownish,
hind femora at apex and apical segments of tarsi slightly darkened.
Fore coxae from the front with yellow hairs and with 2-3 setae of
various length. Middle coxae from the front with yellow and black
hairs and with a strong black bristle, with thin yellow apical horn,
from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one long black external
bristle and with several hairs. Fore femora all along with a row of 9
-10 posteroventral dark ciliae of the same length, as long as
diameter of femora. Fore, middle and hind femora with a few preapical
bristles or hairs. Fore tibiae with two strong thorn-like dorsal
bristles in basal third. Fore tarsi simple. Length ratio of fore
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 4.4 : 3.3 : 1.7 : 1.3
: 0.9 : 0.8. Middle tibiae with two anterodorsal, two posterodorsal,
one short posteroventral and three or four apical bristles. Length
ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 6.8 :
3.6 : 1.7 : 1.5 : 1.0 : 0.8. Hind tibiae with one distinct
anterodorsal, four or five apical bristles and a row of short curved
anteroventral ciliae in apical fourth. Length ratio of hind tibia to
tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 9.0 : 3.1 : 2.2 : 1.7 : 1.3 :
1.0.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to between r4+
5 and m1+2, 3.3 : 1.3. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1+2, 10.8 :
8.5. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of m3+4, 1.7
: 3.8. Squamae yellow, with yellow and brown bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen brown, brilliant. Hypopygium dark brown, with short
bristles. Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci long, narrow,
stripe-shaped, with long external hairs. Ventral appendices short,
narrow, with long bristles. Gonopodes narrow, bifurcated, with long
narrow lobes; dorsal lobi wider, rounded at apex; ventral lobi almost
straight, pointed at apex.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 2.7 mm; body with antennae 3.6 mm; wing-length 3.4 mm;
wing-width 1.1 mm.
Distribution: Mountain areas of West Kenya.
Etymology. The species named after the Russian entomologist Mrs
Maria Bulyginskaya.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. bulyginskayae can be separated from other
species with two strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third of
fore tibiae by the following combination of attributes: first
flagellomere 7 times as long as high at base, thrice longer than
arista, face 4 times as high as wide under antennae, fore femora with
a row of posteroventral ciliae of the same length, hind tibiae only
with one distinct anterodorsal bristle and with a row of short curved
anteroventral ciliae in apical fourth, cerci simple, gonopodes
narrow, bifurcated.
Rhaphium shamshevi sp.n. (Fig. 4)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 6500 ft (F.W.
Edwards). Paratypes. 1 male and 3 females with same data as holotype;
1 male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.
1935-203 / Klembe, 4500 ft (F.W. Edwards).
Description. Frons metallic black, with green-violet reflection.
Face densely silvery-white pollinose, narrow, with narrowing edges,
3.5 times as high as wide under antennae and as wide as height of
first flagellomere. Occiput black. Palpi and proboscis short, brown,
covered with small brown hairs. Antennae 1.5 times as long as height
of head. First flagellomere oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, densely
pubescent, ratio of its length to height at base, 4.8 : 0.6. Arista
with short hairs, simple, one-fifth the length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic black, pleura greyish pollinose. Three pairs of
strong dorsocentral bristles, with hairs in front of them, and a pair
of reduced setae between second and third pairs of strong bristles,
acrosticals only in fore part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs and coxae yellow, hind femora at apex, and apical segments of
tarsi slightly darkened. Fore coxae from the front with yellow hairs
and with 3-4 dark setae of various length. Middle coxae from the
front with dark hairs, with two brown bristles, and with brown apical
horn, from the outside bare. Hind coxae with one long black external
bristle. Fore femora all along with ventral and posterior irregular
rows of hairs of different length. Fore, middle and hind femora with
a few thin preapical setae or hairs. Fore tibiae with two strong
thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third. Fore tarsi with a row of
fine dorsal hairs, as long as diameter of respective segment. Length
ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 4.4 :
2.5 : 1.5 : 0.9 : 0.7 : 0.7. Middle tibiae with two anterodorsal, one
or two posterodorsal, and two or three apical bristles. Length ratio
of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 6.1 : 3.3 :
1.5 : 1.3 : 0.9 : 0.7. Hind tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal and three or four apical bristles; all setae short.
Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
9.5 : 2.3 : 2.2 : 1.7 : 1.1 : 0.9.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 2.5 : 1.2. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 8.9 : 7.6. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.2 : 3.1. Squamae brown, with dark ciliae. Halteres yellow.
Abdomen dark-brown, brilliant. Hypopygium dark brown, with short
bristles. Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci long, narrow, filiform,
with long curved external hairs. Ventral appendices short, narrow,
with long bristles. Gonopodes long and narrow, with thin dorsal dens
and wide oval ventral lobe.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face black, completely
greyish-white pollinose, with parallel edges, twice as high as wide
under antennae and 1.5 times as wide as height of first flagellomere;
palpi shorter as long as width of face, pointed at apex; first
flagellomere twice as long as heigh at base. Length ratio of first
flagellomere to arista varies from 1.3 : 3.5 to 1.3 : 4.3. Arista
whitish. Middle and hind coxae dirty yellow. Fore legs without long
hairs.
Length: body 2.2 - 2.6 mm; body with antennae 2.9 - 3.5 mm;
wing-length 2.5 - 3.3 mm; wing-width 0.8 - 1.0 mm.
Distribution: Mountain areas of Uganda.
Etymology. The species named after the Russian dipterologist Dr
Igor Shamshev.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. shamshevi can be separated from other
species with two strong thorn-like dorsal bristles in basal third of
fore tibiae by the following combination of attributes: first
flagellomere 8 times as long as high at base, 5 times longer than
arista, face 3.5 times as high as wide under antennae, fore femora
with posterior and ventral irregular rows of hairs of different
length, fore tarsi with a row of fine dorsal hairs, cerci simple,
gonopodes with thin dorsal dens and wide oval ventral lobe. Females
are distinguished from known species by whitish arista and completely
mat face, but probably do not differ much from unknown females of
other species.
Rhaphium grootaerti Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakari (Fig. 5)
Material examined: 2 males, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934 -
I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Mobuku Valley, 6000-7300 ft
(F.W. Edwards).
Distribution: Mountain areas of East Zaire and Uganda (Ruwenzori
Range).
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. grootaerti can be easily separated from
other species with a row of 5-10 anterodorsal bristles at fore tibiae
and three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles by bifurcated cerci.
Gonopodes have three distal lobes of various shape. Females have no
distinct differences from females of Rh. vanschuytbroecki and Rh.
pitkini.
Rhaphium vanschuytbroecki Negrobov, Grichanov & Bakari (Fig. 6)
Material examined: 5 males, 2 females, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range,
XII.1934-I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 6500
ft (F.W. Edwards). 1 male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 8300 ft (F.W.
Edwards). 1 male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Mobuku Valley, 7300 ft (F.W. Edwards).
3 males, 2 female, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.
1935-203 / Mt. Kinangop, 8000 ft (F.W. Edwards) /Cedar forest. 2
males, 1 female, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp.
B.M.1935-203 / Mt. Kinangop, 9000 ft (F.W. Edwards). 1 female, Kenya:
Aberdare Range, 25.X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.1935-203 / Mt.
Kinangop, 9000 ft (F.W. Edwards). 1 female, Kenya: Aberdare Range, 1.
XI.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.1935-203 / Mt. Kinangop, 9000 ft (F.W.
Edwards). 1 male, Kenya: 17.XII.1970 (A.E. Stubbs), BM 1972-211 /
Kericho, 6500 feet. 1 female, Kenya: 15.XII.1970 (A.E. Stubbs), BM
1972-211 / 14-16 km S of Nakuru.
Distribution: Mountain areas of East Zaire, Uganda and West Kenya.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. vanschuytbroecki are placed in the group of
species with a row of 5-10 anterodorsal bristles at fore tibiae and
three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, and can be distinguished
from other species by long ventral hairs at fore tibiae, simple
cerci, two lobes and two bundles of long bristles in apical half of
gonopodes. Females have no distinct differences from Rh. grootaerti
and Rh. pitkini.
Rhaphium pitkini sp.n. (Fig. 7)
Holotype. Male, S. Africa (5), Kloof Nek, Cape Town, 1-2.I.1972.
Southern African Exp. B.M. 1972-1. Paratypes. Male and female with
same data as holotype.
Description. Frons metallic blue-black, Face densely silvery-white
pollinose, with narrowing edges, 2 times as high as wide under
antennae and 2 times as wide as height of first flagellomere. Occiput
mat-black. Palpi and proboscis short, black, with black hairs.
Antennae nearly twice as long as height of head. First flagellomere
oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, densely pubescent, ratio of its length
to height at base, 5.5 : 0.6. Arista with short hairs, simple,
one-fifth the length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic black, pleura greyish-white pollinose. Three
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristle in front
of them, and a pair of reduced setae between second and third pairs
of strong bristles, acrosticals only in fore part of mesonotum, in
two rows.
Legs and coxae yellow, middle coxae with brown spot at base, apical
segments of tarsi darkened. Fore coxae from the front with yellow
hairs and four or five dark bristles of various length. Middle coxae
from the front with yellow and black hairs and with two strong black
bristle, with thin brown apical horn, from the outside almost bare.
Hind coxae with one long black external bristle. Fore, middle and
hind femora with one or two small preapical bristles, without long
ciliae. Fore tibiae with row of 6-9 short dorsal bristles. Fore tarsi
simple. Length ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 4.4 : 2.5 : 1.7 : 1.1 : 0.7 : 0.7. Middle tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, and two or three apical bristles.
Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 5.8 : 3.1 : 1.7 : 1.2 : 0.8 : 0.7. Hind tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal and two or three apical bristles.
Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
7.9 : 2.0 : 2.3 : 1.5 : 1.0 : 0.7.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 2.2 : 0.9. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 7.6 : 5.6. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4 - 1 : 3. Squamae yellow, with dirty-yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen bronze-black. Hypopygium black, with short hairs. Cerci and
gonopodes brown. Cerci long, narrow, stripe-shaped, with long
external hairs. Ventral appendices short, narrow, with long black
apical bristles. Gonopodes with strong dorsal lobe and round
leaf-like ventral lobe.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face black, grey pollinose, wide,
with parallel edges; palpi large, with dark bristles; antennae as
long as height of head; ratio of length to height of first
flagellomere to length of arista - 1.2 : 0.7 : 3.7. Arista whitish.
Length: body 2.1 mm; body with antennae 3.1 mm; wing-length 2.4 mm;
wing-width 0.7 mm.
Distribution: South Africa.
Etymology. The species named after the English dipterologist Dr
Brian Pitkin.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. pitkini appear closely related to Rh.
vanschuytbroecki and can be separated from the last one by lacking of
long ventral hairs at fore tibiae and by presence of only one group
of relatively long apical bristles between two lobes of gonopodes. It
can be distinguished from other species of the genus by black
abdomen, yellow legs and halteres, 6-9 anterodorsal bristles at fore
tibiae and three pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles. Females have
no distinct differences from Rh. vanschuytbroecki and Rh. grootaerti.
Rhaphium ovsyannikovae sp.n. (Fig. 8)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 10200 ft (F.W.
Edwards). Paratype. 1 male without abdomen and hind legs, Uganda:
Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 /
Namwamba Valley, 11000 ft (E.G. Gibbins).
Description. Frons black, grey pollinose. Face densely
silvery-white pollinose, with narrowing edges, 2 times as high as
wide under antennae and as wide as height of first flagellomere.
Occiput bronze-black, grey pollinose. Palpi short, brown, covered
with short brown bristles. Proboscis short, black, with black hairs.
Antennae 1.5 times as long as height of head. First flagellomere
oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, pubescent, its length 6 times as long
as height at base. Arista with short dense hairs, simple, one-third
the length of first flagellomere; basal article of arista one-fourth
the length of apical article.
Mesonotum metallic bronze-black, slightly pollinose, pleura greyish
-white pollinose. Four pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with
reduced bristles and hairs in front of them, acrosticals only in fore
part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs and coxae dirty-yellow, middle and posterior coxae with brown
spot at base, femora from above and apical segments of tarsi slightly
darkened. Fore coxae from the front with dark hairs and with four or
five dark bristles of various length. Middle coxae from the front
with dark hairs and with a strong and some thin black bristles, with
brown apical horn, from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one
long black external bristle, with several hairs. Fore femora in basal
half with some ventral brown hairs, as long as diameter of femora.
Fore femora with a few preapical hairs, middle femora with 1
anterior, 1 posterior preapical bristles and some posterior preapical
setae, hind femora with 1 anterior preapical bristle and a few
posterior preapical hairs. Fore tibiae with a row of 10-12 short
dorsal bristles, and with a row of ventral setulae, which are less
than diameter of tibia, without apical bristles. Fore tarsi simple.
Length ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
5.8 : 3.7 : 1.8 : 1.1 : 0.8 : 0.7. Middle tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, one posteroventral and two or three
apical bristles. Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments
from first to fifth), 7.7 : 4.6 : 2.4 : 1.7 : 1.0 : 0.9. Hind tibiae
with one thin anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, four or five ventral
and two or three apical bristles. First and second segments of hind
tarsi with numerous thin anterior setulae, as long as diameter of
respective segment. Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments
from first to fifth), 11.0 : 3.3 : 3.0 : 2.1 : 1.5 : 1.1.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2 - 4.0 : 1.3. Ratio of apical to basal part of
m1+2, 14.5 : 8.5. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part
of m3+4, 1.9 : 5.7. Squamae yellow, with dirty-yellow bristles.
Halteres yellow.
Abdomen metallic dark-brown. Hypopygium black, with short bristles.
Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci long, narrow, stripe-shaped, with
long dense external hairs. Ventral appendices short, oval, with long
apical bristles. Gonopodes narrow, with two small distal lobes.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 2.9 mm; body with antennae 3.9 mm; wing-length 3.9 mm,
wing-width 1.3 mm.
Distribution: Mountain area of Uganda (Ruwenzori Range).
Etymology. The species named after the Russian entomologist Mrs
Helena Ovsyannikova.
Diagnosis. Rh. ovsyannikovae together with Rh. doroninae forms the
group of species with a row of 5-10 anterodorsal bristles at fore
tibiae, with posteroventral ciliae at fore femora, and with 4 pairs
of strong dorsocentral bristles, and can be separated from each other
by linear measurements of antennae, chaetotaxy of legs and morphology
of gonopodes. Males of Rh. ovsyannikovae have arista one-third the
length of first flagellomere, 10-12 feable dorsal setae at fore
tibiae, 4-5 ventral bristles at hind tibiae, numerous anterior
setulae at hind tarsi, and gonopodes with two small separate distal
lobes.
Rhaphium doroninae sp.n. (Fig. 9)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 10200 ft (F.W.
Edwards).
Description. Frons bronze-black, grey pollinose. Face densely
silvery-white pollinose, with narrowing edges, 3 times as high as
wide under antennae and as wide as height of first flagellomere.
Occiput bronze-green, grey pollinose. Palpi short, black, covered
with small brown hairs and bristles. Proboscis short, brown, with
dark hairs. Antennae twice as long as height of head. First
flagellomere oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, pubescent, ratio of its
length to height at base, 6.5 : 0.8. Arista with short hairs, simple,
one-sixth the length of first flagellomere; basal article of arista
one-fourth the length of apical article.
Mesonotum metallic bronze-black, pleura greyish-white pollinose.
Four pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristles and
hairs in front of them, acrosticals only in fore part of mesonotum,
in two rows.
Legs and coxae yellow, middle and posterior coxae with brown spot
at base, hind tibiae at apex and apical segments of tarsi darkened.
Fore coxae from the front with dense yellow hairs and with three or
four dark bristles of various length. Middle coxae from the front
with yellow hairs and with two strong dark bristles, with brown
apical horn, from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one long
black external bristle, with several yelow hairs. Fore femora in
basal half with a row of ventral brown hairs, of the length smaller
than diameter of femora, few preapical hairs, middle and hind femora
with 1 preapical bristle. Fore tibiae with a row of 6-8 strong dorsal
bristles, and with a row of ventral setulae, which are shorter than
diameter of tibia. Fore protarsus beneath with a row of short
setulae, which are shorter than diameter of segment. Fore tarsi
simple. Length ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 6.5 : 3.5 : 1.3 : 1.0 : 0.7 : 0.8. Middle tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, three or four apical bristles.
Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 8.6 : 4.9 : 2.4 : 1.7 : 1.1 : 0.9. Hind tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal and four or five apical bristles.
Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
12.2 : 3.6 : 3.2 : 2.2 : 1.5 : 1.2.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 3.5 : 1.3. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 13.5 : 9.5. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.8 : 5.2. Squamae yellow, with yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen metallic brown. Hypopygium dark-brown, with short setae.
Cerci and gonopodes yellow-brown. Cerci long, narrow, stripe-shaped,
with long external hairs. Ventral appendices short, narrow, oval,
with long bristles. Gonopodes spoon-like with three merged distal
lobes.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 3.3 mm; body with antennae 4.6 mm; wing-length 3.8 mm,
wing-width 1.2 mm.
Distribution: Mountain area of Uganda (Ruwenzori Range).
Etymology. The species named after the Russian entomologist Mrs
Galina Doronina.
Diagnosis. Rh. doroninae together with Rh. ovsyannikovae forms the
group of species with a row of 5-10 anterodorsal bristles at fore
tibiae, with posteroventral ciliae at fore femora, and with 4 pairs
of strong dorsocentral bristles, and can be separated from the last
one by the following attributes: arista one-sixth the length of first
flagellomere, 6-8 strong dorsal bristles at fore tibiae, lack of
ventral bristles at hind tibiae, gonopodes with three merged distal
lobes.
Rhaphium reaveyi sp.n. (Fig. 10)
Holotype. Male, Kenya: Mt. Kenya, N.side, 11000-12000 ft / Heather,
stream, 20-22.XII.1980 (P.S. Cranston), B.M. 1981-79. Paratypes. 2
males with same data as holotypes; 3 males, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.
1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.1935-203 / Nieri Track, 10500 ft (F.W.
Edwards); 3 males, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.1934, B.M. E.Afr.Exp.
B.M.1935-203 / Mt. Kinangop, 10000 ft (F.W. Edwards). 2 males, 1
female, Kenya: Aberdare Range, X.1934, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.1935-203 /
Mt. Kinangop, 12000 ft (F.W. Edwards) / on Senecio brassicaeformis;
13 males, 3 females, E. Africa: Mt Kenya, Naro Moru, 11000 ft,
29.VIII.1949 (J.A. Riley) / O.U.E. Exp. Mt. Kenya, B.M. 1949-562.
Description. Frons metallic black, grey pollinose. Face black,
densely silvery-grey pollinose, with slightly narrowing edges, 2.5
times as high as wide under antennae and 1.5 times as wide as height
of first flagellomere. Occiput bronze-green, grey pollinose. Palpi
short, black, covered with small black hairs. Proboscis short, black,
with black hairs. Antennae twice as long as height of head. First
flagellomere oblong, narrow, stripe-formed, densely pubescent, Ratio
of its length to height at base, 8.0 : 0.6. Arista with very short
hairs, simple, one-fifth the length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic dark-green, pleura grey pollinose. Four pairs of
strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristles and hairs in
front of them, one pair of reduced chetae between second and third
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, acrosticals only in fore part
of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs dark-yellow, fore coxae at base, middle and posterior coxae
brown, femora from above, hind tibiae at apex and apical segments of
tarsi brownish. Fore coxae from the front with dense yellow hairs and
with three or four black apical bristles of various length. Middle
coxae from the front with light and black hairs, with two strong
black bristles, and with brownish apical bristles, from the outside
almost bare. Hind coxae with one long black external bristle, with
several hairs. Fore femora in apical half with postero-ventral hairs,
of the length smaller than diameter of femora. Middle and hind femora
with 1 strong and a few fine preapical bristles. Fore tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal and two apical bristles, with a row
of ventral bristles in apical half, which are longer than diameter of
tibia. Fore protarsus slightly thickened at apex, beneath with two
rows of bristles, twice as long as diameter of segment. Length ratio
of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 6.0 : 4.0 :
3.5 : 2.1 : 1.2 : 1.0. Middle tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal, one anteroventral and three apical bristles. Length
ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 8.7 :
5.2 : 2.6 : 1.9 : 1.2 : 1.0. Hind tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal and three or four apical bristles. Length ratio of hind
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 12.5 : 3.7 : 3.6 :
2.5 : 1.6 : 1.2.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 4.9 : 1.5. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 8.2 : 5.5. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.4 : 3.2. Squamae yellow, with dark-yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen metallic dark-green, slightly grey pollinose. Hypopygium
bronze-black, with short setae. Cerci and gonopodes black. Cerci
simple, long, narrow, filiform, with long external hairs. Ventral
appendices as long as gonopodes, narrow, stripe-shaped, with black
short external bristles. Gonopodes broad, diamond-shaped from the
lateral view, with a bundle of apicoventral hairs.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face with parallel edges, twice as
high as wide under antennae and twice as wide as height of first
flagellomere; antennae equal to height of head; palpi with black
bristles, nearly as long as width of face; ratio of length to height
of first flagellomere to length of arista, 2.3 : 0.8 : 4.1.
Length: body 2.7-4.1 mm; body with antennae 3.8-4.6 mm; wing-length
3.4-4.4 mm, wing-width 1.5-1.6 mm.
Distribution: Mountain areas of East Kenya.
Etymology. The species named after the English entomologist Dr
D. Reaveyi.
Diagnosis. Rh. reaveyi seems very close to Rh. picketi even on the
basis of male genitalia characters. Its males can be separated from
the last one by shortened first segment of fore tarsi, by presence of
long strong bristle near the base of double-headed ventral appendix
at gonopodes, and by some other subtle features. Both species are
distinguished from other species of the genus by the following
combination of attributes: fore tibiae with 1-2 anterodorsal, 2
posterodorsal and a row of long strong ventral bristles, fore
basitarsi with two rows of long ventral bristles, four pairs of
strong dorsocentral bristles with one pair of reduced chetae between
second and third pairs, arista one-fifth the length of first
flagellomere, ventral appendices of cerci as long as gonopodes, which
are broad, diamond-shaped from the lateral view. Females of Rh.
reavei are probably the same as unknown females of Rh. picketi,
separating from Rh. mcveighi by lengthened first flagellomere.
Rhaphium picketi sp.n. (Fig. 11)
Holotype. Male, Kenya: Mt. Elgon, II.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M.1935-
203 / Heath Zone, 10500-11500 ft. (F.W. Edwards). Paratypes. 3 males,
Uganda: Mt. Elgon, 8.VIII.1934 (J. Ford), B.M. 1935-459 / On Lobelia
aberdarica, Balambuli, 9500 ft.
Description. Frons bronze-black, grey pollinose. Face black,
densely silvery-grey pollinose, with slightly narrowing edges, 2.5
times as high as wide under antennae and 1.5 times as wide as height
of first flagellomere. Occiput bronze-green, grey pollinose. Palpi
short, brown. Proboscis short, brown, with short black hairs.
Antennae twice as long as height of head. First flagellomere oblong,
narrow, stripe-formed, densely pubescent, ratio of its length to
height at base, 5.0 : 0.4. Arista with very short hairs, simple, one-
fifth the length of first flagellomere.
Mesonotum metallic dark-green, pleura greyish-white pollinose. Four
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristles and
hairs in front of them, one pair of reduced chetae between second and
third pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, acrosticals only in fore
part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs and coxae yellow, all coxae dark-brown at base, hind tibiae at
apex and apical segments of tarsi slightly darkened. Fore coxae from
the front with yellow hairs and with one to three dark bristles of
various length. Middle coxae from the front with dark hairs, with two
strong black bristles, and with brown apical horn, from the outside
almost bare. Hind coxae with one long black external bristle, with
several hairs. Fore femora all along ventral and posterior side,
middle and hind femora near apex with dark hairs of the length
smaller than diameter of respective femora. Middle and hind femora
with 1 preapical bristle. Fore tibiae with one anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal, two or three apical bristles, with a row of ventral
bristles in apical third, as long as diameter of tibia. Fore
protarsus slightly thickened at apex, beneath with two rows of
bristles, which are longer than diameter of segment. Length ratio of
fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 5.3 : 3.4 : 1.7
: 1.3 : 0.9 : 0.9. Middle tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal, one anteroventral and three or four apical bristles.
Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 7.9 : 4.5 : 2.0 : 1.5 : 0.9 : 1.0. Hind tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal and four or five apical bristles.
Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
10.5 : 3.1 : 3.0 : 1.9 : 1.2 : 1.0.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 3.6 : 1.4. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 6.5 : 5.0. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.1 : 3.0. Squamae yellow, with yellow hairs. Halteres yellow.
Abdomen metallic dark-green, grey pollinose. Hypopygium dark-brown,
with short strong setae. Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci simple,
long, narrow, stripe-shaped, with black bristles. Ventral appendices
as long as gonopodes, narrow, oval, with short external bristles.
Gonopodes widened at apex, diamond-shaped from the lateral view, with
a bundle of apicoventral hairs.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 2.8-3.2 mm; body with antennae 4.3-4.7 mm; wing-length
3.4-4.3 mm, wing-width 1.3 mm.
Distribution: Environments of Mount Elgon in Kenya and Uganda.
Etymology. The species named after the English entomologist Dr
John Pickett.
Diagnosis. Rh. picketi is closely related to Rh. reavei and can be
separated from the last one by long first segment of fore tarsi, by
lack of long strong bristle near the base of double-headed ventral
appendix at gonopodes and by some other subtle characters. See remark
under Rh. reavei.
Rhaphium bukzeevae sp.n. (Fig. 12)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 13000-14000 ft (F.W.
Edwards). Paratypes. 8 males and 3 females with same data as
holotype; 1 female, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, XII.1934-I.1935,
B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley, 11500 ft (F.W.
Edwards); 5 males and 1 female, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range,
XII.1934-I.1935, B.M.E.Afr.Exp. B.M. 1935-203 / Namwamba Valley,
12000-13000 ft (D.R. Buxton); 1 male and 2 females, Uganda:
Ruwenzori, Giant Heath, Tanganyika, 6.I.1962 (A.D. Harrison) / Univ.
Coll. Rhodesia & Nyasalend Exped. B.M. 1971-559; 1 female, Uganda:
Ruwenzori, Kamusongi Valley, Rock Snelter, 12000 ft., 30.XII.1961 (A.
D. Harrison) / Univ. Coll. Rhodesia & Nyasalend Exped. B.M. 1971-559;
1 female, Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, Lake Bujuku, 13050 ft., 22-28.
VII.1952 (D.S. Fletcher) / Ruwenzori Exped. B.M. 1952-566; 2 females,
Uganda: Ruwenzori Range, Lamia Valley, 11900 ft., 30-31. VII.1952 (D.
S. Fletcher) / Ruwenzori Exped. B.M. 1952-566; 1 female, Uganda:
Ruwenzori Range, Bigo, 11400 ft., 20-22. VII.1952 (D.S. Fletcher) /
Ruwenzori Exped. B.M. 1952-566.
Description. Frons bronze-black, grey pollinose. Face black,
densely silvery-grey pollinose, with narrowing edges, 2 times as high
as wide under antennae and 1.5 times as wide as height of first
flagellomere. Occiput bronze-black, grey pollinose. Palpi short,
brown, covered with small brown hairs. Proboscis short, black, with
short black setulae. Antennae nearly twice as long as height of head.
First flagellomere oblong, narrow, densely pubescent, ratio of its
length to height at base, 4.8 : 0.8. Arista with short hairs, simple,
three-fourths the length of first flagellomere; basal article of
arista one-sixth the length of apical article.
Mesonotum metallic bronze-black, pleura greyish-white pollinose.
Four pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristles and
hairs in front of them, without reduced chetae between second and
third pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, acrosticals only in fore
part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs dark-yellow, fore coxae at base, middle and posterior coxae
brown, femora from avove, hind tibiae and all segments of tarsi
brownish. Fore coxae from the front with yellow hairs and black
bristles of various length. Middle coxae from the front with yellow
and black hairs, with two strong black bristles, and with some apical
setae, from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one long black
external bristle, with several hairs. Fore femora with a few
posterior preapical hairs, middle and hind femora with one strong and
a few fine preapical bristles. Fore tibiae with two posterodorsal,
and two or three apical bristles. Fore tarsi simple. Length ratio of
fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 7.0 : 3.9 : 2.4
: 1.6 : 1.1 : 1.1. Middle tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal, one anteroventral and three or four apical bristles.
Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 9.8 : 5.6 : 2.6 : 1.8 : 1.2 : 1.2. Hind tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two or three strong and several small posterodorsal,
and four or five apical bristles. Length ratio of hind tibia to
tarsus (segments from first to fifth), 13.0 : 4.3 : 3.8 : 2.5 : 1.5 :
1.5.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 4.6 : 1.8. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 8.1 : 6.5. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.4 : 3.3. Squamae yellow, with dirty-yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen metallic dark-bronze-green, grey pollinose. Hypopygium
bronze-black, with short bristles. Cerci and gonopodes dark-brown.
Cerci simple, long, narrow, filiform, with long external bristles.
Ventral appendices short, narrow, oval, with short external bristles.
Gonopodes with long narrow dorsal lobe, densely haired from ventral
side, with round ventral lobe, with thin double-headed appendix and a
bundle of bristles near its base in the middle of ventral side of
gonopode.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face with parallel edges, 1.5 times
as high as wide under antennae and thrice as wide as height of first
flagellomere; antennae equal to height of head; palpi with black
bristles, nearly as long as width of face; ratio of length to height
of first flagellomere to length of arista, 1.5 : 0.7 : 4.1.
Length: body 3.2-3.7 mm; body with antennae 4.2-4.7 mm; wing-length
4.5-4.7 mm, wing-width 1.5-1.7 mm.
Distribution: Mountain area of Uganda (Ruwenzori Range).
Etymology. The species named after the Russian entomologist Mrs
Olga Bukzeeva.
Diagnosis. Rh. bukzeevae is placed within the group of species with
simple antero- and posterodorsal setae at fore tibiae. Both sexes can
be distinguished from other species by the following complex of
attributes: abdomen completely dark-bronze, legs dark-yellow, femora
from above and hind tibiae brownish, fore legs without rows of long
bristles, fore tibiae with two posterodorsal setae only, four strong
dorsocentral bristles without reduced setae between them. Males of
Rh. bukzeevae can be also separated from males of other species of
the group by such characters of gonopodes as long narrow dorsal lobe
and round ventral lobe.
Rhaphium mcveighi sp.n. (Fig. 13)
Holotype. Male, Uganda: Mt. Elgon, 8.VIII.1934 (J. Ford), B.M. 1935
-459 / On Lobelia aberdarica, Balambuli, 9500 ft. Paratypes. 2 males
and 2 females, Kenya: Mt. Elgon, II.1935, B.M. E. Afr. Exp.. B. M.
1935-203 / Alpine Zone, 12000 ft. (F.W. Edwards) / On Lobelia
elgonensis.
Description. Frons bronze-black, grey pollinose. Face densely
silvery-grey pollinose, with narrowing edges. Occiput bronze-green,
grey pollinose. Palpi and proboscis short, brown, with dark hairs.
Antennae nearly 1.5 times as long as height of head. First
flagellomere oblong, narrow, densely pubescent, ratio of its length
to height at base, 4.0 : 0.6. Arista with short hairs, simple, from
one-third to two-thirds the length of first flagellomere; basal
article of arista one-sixth the length of apical article.
Mesonotum metallic blue-green, pleura greyish-white pollinose. Four
pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, with reduced bristles and
hairs in front of them, and one pair of reduced chetae between second
and third pairs of strong dorsocentral bristles, acrosticals only in
fore part of mesonotum, in two rows.
Legs yellow, coxae with brown spot at base, hind tibiae at apex and
apical segments of tarsi darkened, sometimes hind femora from above
slightly darkened. Fore coxae from the front with yellow hairs and
three or four dark bristles of various length. Middle coxae from the
front with yellow hairs, with two strong black bristles, and with
yellow apical horn, from the outside almost bare. Hind coxae with one
long black external bristle, with several hairs. Fore femora with
short posterior preapical hairs, middle and hind femora with one or
two preapical bristles. Fore tibiae with two anterodorsal, two
posterodorsal, and two or three apical bristles. Fore tarsi simple.
Length ratio of fore tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
6.5 : 3.9 : 2.6 : 2.0 : 1.1 : 1.0. Middle tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, and three or four apical bristles.
Length ratio of middle tibia to tarsus (segments from first to
fifth), 9.2 : 5.4 : 3.0 : 2.1 : 1.2 : 1.2. Hind tibiae with two
anterodorsal, two posterodorsal, and three or four apical bristles.
Length ratio of hind tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth),
12.5 : 3.5 : 4.0 : 2.2 : 1.5 : 1.2.
Wings. Ratio of parts of costa between r2+3 and r4+5 to those
between r4+5 and m1+2, 4.5 : 1.5. Ratio of apical to basal part of m1
+2, 8.1 : 6.0. Ratio of posterior transversal vein to apical part of
m3+4, 1.1 : 3.4. Squamae yellow, with yellow bristles. Halteres
yellow.
Abdomen metallic dark-blue-green, grey pollinose. Hypopygium dark -
brown, with short dark bristles. Cerci and gonopodes brown. Cerci
simple, long, narrow, filiform, with long external bristles. Ventral
appendices short, narrow, with short external bristles. Gonopodes
broad and long, sclerotized, pointed at apex, with a bundle of hairs
in the middle of ventral side.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual
characters, otherwise as follows: face with parallel edges, 2.3 times
as high as wide under antennae and twice as wide as height of first
flagellomere; antennae slightly longer than height of head; palpi
with black setae, as long as width of face; ratio of length to height
of first flagellomere to length of arista, 1.7 : 0.8 : 4.2.
Length: body 2.8-3.2 mm; body with antennae 3.8-4.2 mm; wing-length
3.7-4.2 mm, wing-width 1.3-1.4 mm.
Distribution: Environments of Mount Elgon in Kenya and Uganda.
Etymology. The species named after the English entomologist Dr
Lawrence McVeigh.
Diagnosis. Males of Rh. mcveighi can be separated from other
species with two anterodorsal and two posterodorsal bristles at fore
tibiae by the following combination of attributes: abdomen completely
dark-bronze, legs yellow, fore legs without rows of long bristles,
four strong dorsocentral bristles with reduced setae between second
and third pairs, gonopodes broad and long, sclerotized, without
lobes. Females of Rh. mcveighi are distinguished from females of Rh.
reaveyi by shortened first flagellomere.
Acknowledgements
I am sincerely grateful to Dr Brian Pitkin for his kindness in gi-
ving me the opportunity to study the collection of the Natural History
Museum (London). I appreciate the help I have received from Mrs Galina
Grichanova in doing the illustrations.
References
Curran C.H. Records of African Dolichopodidae with descriptions
of new species. - Rev. Zool. Afr.,. 1926, 14, 1, p. 1-39.
Loew H. Bidrag till Koennedomen om Africas Diptera. - Ofvers.
Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. (Stockholm), 1858, 15, 7-8, p. 335-341.
Loew H. Die Dipteren-Fauna Sudafricas. Erste Abteilung. - Abh.
Naturw. Ver. Sachs. Thur. Halle, 1860, 2, p. 57-402.
Negrobov O.P., Grichanov I.Y., Bakary K. New species of the genus
Rhaphium Loew (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Zaire. - Entomol. Obozr.,
1982, 61, 1, p. 190-194 (in Russian).
Parent O. Dipteres Dolichopodides de la region ethiopienne. -
Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 1939, 32, p. 256-182.
Vanschuytbroeck P. Dolichopodidae. - Explor. Park Nat. Albert,
Miss. de Witte, 1951, 74, p. 1-153.
Remark under figures
Figs 1-13. Gonopodes (=surstyli). 1, Rh. zairensis Negr. e.a.; 2,
Rh. zakonnikovae sp.n.; 3, Rh. bulyginskayae sp.n.; 4, Rh. shamshevi
sp.n.; 5, Rh. grootaerti Negr. e.a.; 6, Rh. vanschuytbroecki Negr.
e.a.; 7, Rh. pitkini sp.n.; 8, Rh. ovsyannikovae sp.n.; 9, Rh. doroni-
nae sp.n.; 10, Rh. reaveyi sp.n.; 11, Rh. picketi sp.n.; 12, Rh. buk-
zeevae sp.n.; 13, Rh. mcveighi sp.n. 1-4, 7-9, 12, lateral view; 5-6,
ventro-lateral view; 10-11,13, ventral view.