Five new species of the genus Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville
(Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Tropical Africa
Igor Ya. GRICHANOV
Grichanov, I.Ya. Five new species of the genus Chrysosoma
Guerin-Meneville (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Tropical
Africa
C. kuznetzovi sp.n. and C. zaitzevi sp.n. from Zambia,
C. stubbsi sp.n. and C. tanasijtshuki sp.n. from Kenya and
Uganda, C. zinovjevi sp.n. from Nigeria are described. New
records, catalogue and a key to known species of Afrotropical
Chrysosoma (s.s.) are given.
I.Ya. Grichanov, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection,
Podbelskogo 3, St.Petersburg-Pushkin, 189620, Russia.
Key words: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Chrysosoma,
Tropical Africa.
Introduction
The old genus Chrysosoma was greatly restricted by Bickel (1994),
who made a generic revision of the world fauna of the subfamily
Sciapodinae. After the redefinition, Chrysosoma is confined mainly to
the Old World tropics. Prior to Bickel's revision more than 100
species of Afrotropical Sciapodinae were referred to Chrysosoma (Dyte
& Smith, 1980). He removed 4 species to Ethiosciapius Bickel, 11
species to Amblypsilopus Bigot and 16 species to Plagiozopelma
Enderlein. Megistostylus Bigot and Kalocheta Becker were placed in
synonymy with Chrysosoma. Grichanov (in litt.) transferred 10 species
to the new genus, 4 species to Amblypsilopus and 1 species to
Plagiozopelma. Grichanov (1995) reestablished Kalocheta as the
subgenus of Chrysosoma.
While processing unidentified material from the collection of the
Natural History Museum, London (NHML), eighteen species of the genus
Chrysosoma were found. In this paper descriptions of five new species
from Tropical Africa and new records for known African species are
given. Oriental C. lacteimicans is excluded from Afrotropical fauna;
C. saphirum (Bigot) and C. mixtum Curran are synonymized with C.
senegalense (Macquart). A few names are still awaiting synonymization,
removing or declaring Nomina Dubia in future revision of type
specimens.
Now seventy one Afrotropical species are known from all parts of
Africa south of Sahara. There are only doubtful records for two
continental species from Madagascar. The genus is poorly represented
in South Africa. It is very interest, that species of Chrysosoma are
practically absent on Atlantic Ocean (St. Helena) and West Indian
Ocean (Seychelles et al.) islands. Only C. leucopogon is widespread
from East African coast throughout the Indian and western Pacific
Ocean. About 120 mostly endemic species are registered in Oriental and
Australasian Regions and on Taiwan (Bickel, 1994).
Holotypes and paratypes of the new species are conserved in the
Natural History Museum (London).
List of Afrotropical species of Chrysosoma
(for references see Dyte & Smith, 1980; Bickel, 1994)
I. Subgenus Chrysosoma Guerin-Meneville
aequatoriale Parent, 1933:2 - Zaire, Uganda
aequilobatum Parent, 1933:15 - Zaire, Congo
aestimabile Parent, 1934:18 - Nigeria, Gambia, ?Madagascar
albilimbatum Bigot, 1890:287 (Psilopus) - Ivory Coast, Congo, Gabon,
Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zaire
albocrinitatum Curran, 1925:109 - Zaire, Congo
alboguttatum Parent, 1930:93 - Cameroun
angolense Parent, 1934:113 - Angola, Zaire
asperum Parent, 1934:114 - South Africa
bacchi Dyte, 1957:37 - Tanzania
benignum Parent, 1934:115 - Nigeria
biciliatum Parent, 1931:45 - Nigeria, Ghana
bredoi Parent, 1933:21 - Zaire
carum Walker, 1849:643 (Psilopus) - Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Congo,
Zaire, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa
= flexum Loew, 1858:371 (Psilopus)
centrale Becker, 1923:25 - Cameroun
cilifemoratum Parent, 1934:115 - Malawi, Zaire
consentium Curran, 1925:111 - Zaire, Congo
continuum Curran, 1927:255 - Zaire, Congo
corruptor Parent, 1933:24 - Zaire
crinipes Parent, 1933:25 - Zaire, Cameroun (!)
fortunatum Parent, 1933:1 - Zaire, Angola (!), Zambia (!)
garambaensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1959:37 - Zaire
gemmeum Walker, 1849:644 (Psilopus) - Nigeria, Sierra Leone
gracile Vanschuytbroeck, 1959:29 - Zaire
gromieri Parent, 1930:92 - Cameroun
hargreavesi Curran, 1927:9 - Sierra Leone
hirsutulum Parent, 1933:27 -Zaire
ituriense Parent, 1933:29 - Zaire, Malawi
katangense Curran, 1925:107 - Zaire, Sudan
kuznetzovi sp.n. - Zambia
laeve Bigot, 1891:373 (Psilopodius) - ?Guinea, Ivory Coast
lavinia Curran, 1927:260 - Zaire, Tanzania
leucopogon Wiedemann, 1824:40 (Dolichopus) - Tanzania, Kenya (!),
Madagascar, Seychelles, Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Aldabra,
Maldives (!), Chagos Archipelago, Burma, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
India, Indochina, Java, Sumatra, Thailand, Queensland, New
Caledonia, Tahiti
= apicalis Wiedemann, 1830:227 (Psilopus)
= conicornis Macquart, 1846:120 (Psilopus)
= loewi Enderlein, 1912:378
= snelli Curran, 1927:5
liberia Curran, 1929:4 - Liberia, Zaire
marginatum Becker, 1923:29 - Sierra Leone
mesotrichum Bezzi, 1908:380 (Psilopus) - Zaire, Sierra Leone, Uganda (!)
= senegalense Becker, 1923:20,33 nec Macquart (misidentification)
= senegalense Curran, 1925:107 nec Macquart (misidentification)
micantifrons Speiser, 1910:108 (Agonosoma) - Tanzania
minusculum Becker, 1923:29 - Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, ?Zaire,
?Sierra Leone, ?Madagascar
norma Curran, 1927:257 - Zaire
ostentatum Becker, 1923:30 - Cameroun
pallidicorne Curran, 1927:252 - Kenya, Zaire
= puma Dyte & Smith, 1980:445 (unnecessary)
pauperculum Parent, 1933:30 - Zaire
petersi Dyte, 1957:37 - Tanzania
pomeroyi Curran, 1927:7 - Nigeria, Cameroun (!)
praecipuum Parent, 1936:319 - Zaire
praelatum Becker, 1923:31 - Equatorial Guinea, Tanzania, Zaire, Malawi
repertum Becker, 1923:31 - Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
schoutedeni Curran, 1927:258 - Congo, Zaire, Tanzania
senegalense Macquart, 1834:450 (Psilopus) - Congo, Zaire, Gabon,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Nigeria (!)
= smaragdinum Walker, 1849:642 (Psilopus)
= saphirum Bigot, 1858:362 (Psilopus)
= mixtum Curran, 1927:3, syn.n.
singulare Parent, 1933:3 - Zaire
speciosum Parent, 1933:32 - Zaire
stubbsi sp.n. - Kenya, Uganda
tarsiciliatum Parent, 1930:91 - Cameroun, Sierra Leone, Zaire, Gabon
tanasijtshuki sp.n. - Kenya
tenuipenne Curran, 1927:254 - Senegal, Nigeria, Congo, Zaire, Uganda (!)
tractatum Becker, 1923:35 - Togo
tricrinitum Parent, 1933:33 - Zaire, Burundi, Mozambique, Malawi (!)
= flexum Curran, 1926:384 nec Loew (misidentification)
trigemmans Walker, 1849:650 (Psilopus) - no locality
triumphator Parent, 1933:33 - Zaire
ungulatum Parent, 1941:207 - Principe
vagator Becker, 1923:36 - Togo, Zaire
varivittatum Curran, 1925:112 - Zaire
vividum Becker, 1923:36 - Equatorial Guinea
woodi Parent, 1935:82 - Zambia
zaitzevi sp.n. - Zambia
zephyrum Bigot, 1858:361 (Psilopus) - Gabon
zinovjevi sp.n. - Nigeria
II. Subgenus Kalocheta Becker
collarti Parent, 1933:35 (Kalocheta) - Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda
cucana Negrobov et Kulibali, 1983:1121 (Kalochaeta) - Zaire, Uganda
neoliberia Bickel, 1994:212 - Liberia
= liberia Curran, 1929:5 (Kalocheta) nec Curran, 1929:4
(preoccupied)
passiva Becker, 1923:42 (Kalocheta) - Cameroun, ?Congo, ?Zaire
villiersi Vanschuytbroeck, 1970:267
(Kalocheta) - Congo
Descriptions and new records
Chrysosoma crinipes Parent (Fig. 1)
Material examined. Male, Cameroon Republic: West Cameroons, Bolo,
30.I.1970, R.H.L. Disney.
Diagnosis. C. crinipes is related with a group of species having
a row of cilia on middle basitarsomere, those cilia 3 or 4 times as
long as tarsomere diameter. Frons with a few black hairs; ratio of
first to second tarsomere of fore tarsus, 3:1. Cercus with fine dorsal
hairs, with somewhat stronger setae on apicoventral prominence;
apicolateral internal projection with a few short hairs. Surstylus
relatively narrow, with shallow excavation on apex and long apical
hairs. Specimen examined is identical with detailed description of C.
crinipes, though published descriptions of C. tarsiciliatum, C.
consentium and C. vividum do not permit sure recognition of all those
species.
Distribution. Zaire, Cameroun
(!).
Chrysosoma gemmeum (Walker) (Fig. 2)
Material examined. Male, Sierra Leone: Manawa, 12.VIII.1912,
Jas.J. Simpson.
Diagnosis. C. gemmeum is associated with a group of species
having more than four long setae and a white preapical ring on middle
basitarsomere. Characters omitted in the description are as following.
Frons with one whitish vertical hair; fore basitarsomere with ventral
pile of short hairs; middle basitarsomere with white ring covered with
very short yellow pectination on dorsal side. Cercus dorsally setosed,
with thin pointed apophysis in basal half and leaf-like apical
projection. Surstylus with fine apical setae and distinct apico-dorsal
dens.
Distribution. Nigeria, Sierra
Leone.
Chrysosoma tricrinitum Parent
Material examined. Male, Nyassaland: [?]Ruov, 25.X.1913,
S.A. Neave.
Diagnosis. C. tricrinitum is close to C. gemmeum except mostly
yellow femora, only 3 long setae on middle basitarsomere and 1 long
seta on the same tibia. Frons with one whitish vertical hair; fore
basitarsomere with ventral pile of very short hairs; middle
basitarsomere with white preapical ring covered with yellow setulae on
dorsal side; hind femora with long ventral and posterior hairs in
basal half.
Distribution. Zaire, Burundi,
Mozambique, Malawi (!).
Chrysosoma zinovjevi sp.n. (Fig. 3)
Holotype. Male. W.Nigeria: Iloro, 13.X.1954, C.H. Andrewes. B.M.
1955-68.
Description. Frons broad, metallic blue-green, with a group of
black lateral hairs; strong postvertical and short postocular setae;
ventral postcranium covered with dense irregular white hairs. Face
metallic green, clypeus bulging, weakly grey pollinose, separated
from eyes; face narrowed, 1.3 times as high as wide under antennae.
Palpi and proboscis black-brown, with pale hairs and black bristles.
Antenna blackish-brown, 1.7 times as long as height of head. Pedicel
with short but strong bristles. First flagellomere subtriangular, as
long as high, with short hairs. Arista apical, bare and simple. Length
ratio of scape to pedicel to first flagellomere to arista -
8:6:11:175.
Mesonotum metallic blue-green with copper and violet reflection;
pleura bronze-green, grey pollinose. Two strong posterior and a few
hair-like anterior dorsocentral setae; 3 strong acrostichals.
Scutellum with two strong bristles.
Legs mostly black-brown. Fore femora in apical half and middle
femora in apical fourth, anterior four tibiae and basitarsomeres
dirty-yellow. Fore coxa from the front with numerous white hairs and 3
black preapical setae. Middle and hind coxae with black hairs and
setae. Fore and middle femora with pale ventral hairs, which as long
as femora diameter, hind femora with short ventral hairs in basal
half. Fore tibia with 1-2 antero-dorsal, 1 postero-dorsal bristles.
Fore basitarsomere with ventral pale pile of very short hairs. Length
ratio of fore coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first
to fifth) - 3.7 : 5.8 : 6.8 : 5.0 : 1.2 : 0.7 : 0.5 : 0.5. Middle
tibia with 2-3 postero-dorsal, 4 antero-dorsal, 1-2 ventral and 3-4
apical bristles. Middle basitarsomere with 1 very long dorsal
preapical seta, other tarsomeres simple. Length ratio of middle coxa
to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 3.0 :
8.0 : 11.3 : 8.5 : 2.2 : 1.4 : 0.5 : 0.5. Hind tibia with 3-4 anterior
and numerous dorsal and ventral setae. Hind basitarsomere with 1
basoventral seta. Length ratio of hind coxa to femora to tibia to
tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 2.5 : 9.4 : 13.7 : 6.8 : 2.3 :
1.5 : 0.7 : 0.7.
Wing mostly brownish, with hyaline median transverse stripe,
longitudinal stripe between R4+5 and M1+2 and broad space along
posterior edge; veins brown. M1 almost straight. M1+2 and M1 form
obtuse internal angle. Ratio of parts of costa between R2+3 and R4+5
to those between R4+5 and M1 - 22 : 10. M2 present as short stub vein
and faint fold on membrane. Crossvein m-cu strongly sinuate. Ratio of
crossvein m-cu, measured along sinuation, to apical part of M1+2
(fork-handle) - 93 : 48. Anal vein faint, anal lobe and alula present.
Anal angle sharp. Lower calipter brown, with black cilia. Halteres
black-brown, halter stem thin, twice as long as knob, with a row of
black setulae.
Abdomen bronze-green, with black bands along sutures, with black
hairs and bristles. First tergum with pale lateral hairs; sternum with
pale and dark hairs. 1st-6th segments together 1.7 times as long as
mesonotum. Hypopygium small, black. Cercus black, broad and broadened
apicad, with thin short-setosed apico-ventral and apico-dorsal digits;
dorsal and distal borders of cercus with strong brownish setae.
Surstylus shallow excavated on apex, with short apical setulae and a
few strong preapical setae.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 6.9 mm; antenna 3.0 mm; wing-length 6.8 mm;
wing-width 2.1 mm.
Distribution: Nigeria.
Etymology. The species is named for Russian dipterologist Dr.
A.G. Zinovjev.
Diagnosis. C. zinovjevi is associated with a group of species
having a few very long dorsal setae on middle basitarsomere. Male of
the new species differs by broad, shallow excavated on apex, densely
haired cercus and other characters such as following: antenna brown;
m-cu strongly sinuate; all femora mostly black; middle tibia without
long setae; middle basitarsomere
with 1 long seta.
Chrysosoma biciliatum Parent
Material examined. Male, Nigeria: Jan.1959, C.H. Andrewes. B.M.
1959-200 / Ajouve, Lagos, 30.I.1959.
Diagnosis. C. biciliatum is associated with a group of species
having a few very long dorsal setae on middle basitarsomere
differing by lacking of long setae on middle tibia, only 2 long setae
on middle basitarsomere, femora blackish-brown in basal half and
simple cercus. Frons with a group of black lateral hairs; wing
hyaline; fore basitarsomere with ventral pile. C. tractatum is
possible synonym with the species (see remark under C. zaitzevi).
Distribution: Nigeria, Ghana.
Chrysosoma senegalense (Macquart)
Material examined. 3 males and 2 females, Nigeria: Ilorin,
17.V.1912, J.W. Scott-Macfie. Male, N.Nigeria: Ilorin, 21.IV.1912, Dr.
J.W. Scott-Macfie. Male, N.Nigeria: Zaria, Samaru, 28.VIII.1968 / J.C.
Deeming, m.v. trap. Male, [Nigeria:] Kwali nr. Jos, 29.VII.1972.
Diagnosis. Males of C. senegalense can be well recognized by
deeply bifurcated cercus with thin equal lobes. Vein m-cu strongly
sinuate; middle tibia with 5 to 8 long setae; middle basitarsomere
yellow, with 5 to 7 long setae. Females (contrary to males) with
entirely yellow femora; m-cu, measured along sinuation, approximately
as long as fork-handle M1+2.
Remark. Becker (1923) synonymized C. saphirum with C.
senegalense. Dyte & Smith (1980) mentioned C. saphirum in their
Catalogue as true species. I didn't find reasons for reviving the
species. Curran (1927) described lower calipter with black cilia in C.
senegalense and those with white cilia in C. mixtum, while Parent's
description (1933) of C. senegalense included indication on partly
pale and partly black cilia. There was no other significant difference
between the two descriptions. Bickel (1994) compared directly the male
holotype of C. mixtum with identified specimens of C. senegalense at
the NHML and didn't find difference. Thus I consider both names as
synonyms.
Distribution: Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Nigeria (!)
Chrysosoma albilimbatum (Bigot)
Material examined. 2 males, N.Nigeria: Nr. Abuja, Idu Forest
Reserve, 22.XI.1970, J.C. Deeming, kurmi. Male, N.Nigeria: Nr. Mokwa,
Zugurma, 26.XII.1971, J.C. Deeming, kurmi. Male, N.Nigeria: [?]Idanu,
9.XII.1956 / Pres. by G.H. Andrewes. B.M. 1957-77.
Diagnosis. C. albilimbatum is associated with a group of species
having yellow antenna and numerous long setae on middle tibia and
basitarsomere. Frons with a group of black lateral hairs; fore tarsus
with ventral pile of very short hairs; femora entirely yellow; cercus
strongly curved, gradually thinned towards apex, without apophysis;
wings mostly blackish.
Distribution: Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Nigeria.
Chrysosoma tanasijtshuki sp.n. (Fig. 4)
Holotype. Male. [Kenya:] Van Someren, Ngong K.C., April 1936.
Description. Frons broad, metallic blue-green, with a group of
black lateral hairs; fine postvertical and postocular setae; ventral
postcranium covered with dense irregular white hairs. Face
violet-green, clypeus bulging, grey pollinose, separated from eyes;
face narrowed, 1.5 times as high as wide under antennae. Palpi and
proboscis black-brown, with brownish hairs and (?) bristles. Antenna
black, 1.6 times as long as height of head. Pedicel with short but
strong bristles. First flagellomere subtriangular, as long as high,
with short hairs. Arista apico-dorsal, bare and simple. Length ratio
of scape to pedicel to first flagellomere to arista - 11:7:13:190.
Thorax blackish with metallic blue-green reflection; pleura grey
pollinose. Two strong posterior dorsocentral bristles; 3 strong
acrostichals. Scutellum with two strong bristles (broken).
Legs mostly black. Fore and middle femora at apex and anterior
four tibiae dark-brown. Fore coxa from the front with numerous
dirty-white hairs and 3 black apical setae. Middle and hind coxae with
dirty-yellow hairs, hind coxa with black external bristle. Fore and
middle femora with pale brownish ventral hairs along entire length,
which as long as femora diameter, hind femora with shorter ventral
hairs in basal half. Fore tibia with 5 or 6 dorsal bristles. Fore
tarsus simple. Length ratio of fore coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus
(segments from first to fifth) - 4.2 : 7.0 : 9.2 : 6.2 : 1.5 : 0.9 :
0.6 : 0.5. Middle tibia with 8 long postero-dorsal setae decreasing
basad, 3 antero-dorsal, 3 ventral and 2 or 3 apical bristles. Middle
basitarsomere with 6 long dorsal setae, 3d to 5th tarsomeres with
short brownish dorsal hairs. Length ratio of middle coxa to femora to
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 4.0 : 10.0 : 15.3 :
10.8 : 2.6 : 1.4 : 0.9 : 0.7. Hind tibia with 6-7 setae on each of
postero-dorsal, antero-dorsal and ventral sides. Length ratio of hind
coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 2.7
: 12.0 : 18.0 : 8.6 : 3.0 : 2.0 : 1.1 : 0.9.
Wing mostly brown and brownish, with hyaline median transverse
stripe, longitudinal stripe between R4+5 and M1+2 and broad space
along posterior edge; veins black. R4+5 and M1 almost straight. M1+2
and M1 form obtuse internal angle. Ratio of parts of costa between
R2+3 and R4+5 to those between R4+5 and M1 - 28 : 15. M2 present as
short stub vein and faint fold on membrane. Crossvein m-cu strongly
sinuate. Ratio of crossvein m-cu, measured along sinuation, to apical
part of M1+2 (fork-handle) - 11 : 6. Anal vein faint, anal lobe and
alula present. Anal angle sharp. Lower calipter brown-black, with
black cilia. Halteres black, haltere stem thin, twice as long as knob,
with a row of black setulae.
Abdomen bronze-black, with black hairs and bristles. First tergum
with white lateral hairs; sternum with white hairs only. 1st-6th
segments together 1.5 times as long as mesonotum. Hypopygium small,
black. Cercus black, broad and broadened apicad, shallow excavated on
apex, with numerous dark hairs on either side except baso-ventral half
of cercus. Surstylus curved and relatively short, with apico-dorsal
dens and dorso-lateral row of strong setae, the first and the last of
which are the longest.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 8.2 mm; antenna 3.1 mm; wing-length 8.9 mm;
wing-width 2.7 mm.
Distribution: Kenya.
Etymology. The species is named for Russian dipterologist Dr.
V.N. Tanasijtshuk.
Diagnosis. C. tanasijtshuki is associated with large group of
species having numerous and very long dorsal setae on middle tibia and
basitarsomere. Male of the new species differs by unusually broad and
broadened apicad, shallow excavated on apex, densely haired cercus and
other characters such as following: antenna black; m-cu strongly
sinuate; all femora black except apex; middle tibia with 8 long setae;
middle basitarsomere with 6 setae.
Chrysosoma mesotrichum (Bezzi) (Fig. 5)
Material examined: 2 males and 1 female, Uganda: Tororo dist.,
Sukulu, 11.VIII & 28.XI.1963, E. Burtt. B.M. 1964-40. 1 male and 1
female, Uganda: West Nile Dist., Paidha, 20-21.X.1964, R.W. Crosskey.
Male, Uganda: Arua, 1919, Dr. R.E. McConnell / Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent.
/ 1919-314. 3 males, Uganda: Entebbe, 3.IX & 7-9.V.1912, C.C. Gowdey.
Diagnosis. C. mesotrichum is associated with a group of species
having black antenna and numerous long setae on middle tibia and
basitarsomere. It differs from other species by strongly sinuouse vein
m-cu, which 1.5 - 2 times as long as fork-handle M1+2; also by simple
cercus with rounded apex and pointed dorsal apophysis, and additional
row of short dorsal hairs on first and second joints of middle tarsus,
which hardly longer than tarsomere diameter. Cercus with a row of
dorsal setae in basal half, with 1 strong and a few fine dorsal setae
in apical half, with 2 strong setae and short hairs on apex, which
evenly cut and slightly broadened; dorsal dens with 3 or 4 preapical
setae. Males with a group of lateral hairs on frons and mostly black
femora, while females have strong vertical seta and yellow femora.
Distribution. Zaire, Sierra Leone,
Uganda (!)
Chrysosoma fortunatum Parent (Fig. 6)
Material examined. Male, Angola (A 27): Duque de Braganca Falls,
11-12.III.1972 / Southern African Exp. B.M. 1972-1. Male, Angola:
Benguella, F.C. Wellman. B.M. 1906-139. 2 males and 1 female, N.
Rhodesia: Lake Bangweulu, Chiluwi Island, 26.XI.1946. 1 male and 2
females, N. Rhodesia: Lake Bangweulu dist., IX-XII.1946.
Diagnosis. C. fortunatum is closely related to C. mesotrichum,
differing by additional row of dorsal hairs on first and second joints
of middle tarsus, which quarter as long as setae on basitarsomere.
Cercus with a row of strong setae in basal third, semilunulate in
apical third, having here a group of strong dorsal and internal setae
and two apico-ventral setae; thin dorsal dens with 1 strong apical and
1 fine preapical setae. Sexual variability as in C. mesotrichum;
females of both species have no difference. Most characters,
previously mentioned as diagnostic for C. schoutedeni and C.
fortunatum, are very variable in examined specimens, and the two
species are possible synonyms.
Distribution. Zaire, Angola (!),
Zambia (!)
Chrysosoma stubbsi sp.n. (Fig. 7)
Holotype. Male. Kenya: 20.XII.1970, A.E. Stubbs, B.M. 1972-211 /
Kakamega Forest, 5200 feet. Paratype. Male, Uganda: Budongo Forest,
7-8.II.1935, F.W. Edwards. B.M. 1935-203.
Description. Frons broad, shining metallic green-violet, slightly
pollinose. A fine whitish front vertical hair on frons; long black
postvertical seta is positioned as a linear continuation of the row of
short postocular setae . Ventral postcranium covered with dense
irregular white hairs. Face blue, epistome slightly pollinose, clypeus
densely white pollinose, separated from eyes; face narrowed, 1.3 times
as high as wide under antennae. Palpi and proboscis orange, palpus
with light hairs and 2 black bristles. Antenna black-brown, twice as
long as height of head. Pedicel with short but strong bristles. First
flagellomere subtriangular, with thinned apex, 1.5 times as long as
high, with short hairs. Arista apical, bare and simple. Length ratio
of scape to pedicel to first flagellomere to arista - 5:5:9:135.
Mesonotum and scutellum metallic blue-green. Pleura bronze-green,
silvery-white pollinose. 2 strong posterior and 3 hair-like anterior
dorsocentral setae; 3 long acrostichals. Scutellum with two strong
bristles.
Legs light-yellow. Middle and hind coxae bronze-black, the same
trochanters and apical segments of tarsi brown. Fore coxa from the
front with numerous white hairs and two yellow preapical setae. Middle
and hind coxae with a few white hairs. Fore femora with a few short
white ventral hairs in basal fifth, other femora bare. Fore tibia and
basitarsomere with a row of somewhat elongated postero-ventral
setulae. Fore basitarsomere ventrally with dense pale pile of very
short hairs. Length ratio of fore coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus
(segments from first to fifth) - 3.3 : 6.0 : 6.9 : 4.5 : 1.7 : 0.9 :
0.5 : 0.5. Middle tibia with 2 anterior, 1 dorsal and 2 or 3 apical
short bristles, tarsus simple. Length ratio of middle coxa to femora
to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 2.3 : 6.3 : 9.7 :
7.2 : 1.9 : 1.4 : 0.7 : 0.6. Hind tibia with dorsal and ventral weak
setae. Length ratio of hind coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus
(segments from first to fifth) - 1.6 : 7.7 : 11.8 : 5.4 : 2.3 : 1.2 :
0.8 : 0.6.
Wings hyaline, veins brown. R4+5 gently curved to M1 in apical
fifth. M1+2 and M1 form the right angle. M1 with gentle curvation to
apex. Ratio of parts of costa between R2+3 and R4+5 to those between
R4+5 and M1 - 24 : 6. M2 present as faint fold on membrane. Crossvein
m-cu slightly sinuate. Ratio of crossvein m-cu to apical part of M1+2
(fork-handle) to apical part of CuA - 50 : 53 : 20. Anal vein faint,
anal lobe and alula present. Anal angle sharp. Lower calipter yellow,
with brown edging and white hairs. Halteres whitish-yellow, haltere
stem thin, twice as long as knob, with a row of short setulae at apex.
Abdomen shining green-violet, with silvery reflection somewhere,
with black hairs and bristles. Apical border of segments narrowly
black (paratype without black bands); first tergum with narrow
membranous excavation and short white lateral hairs; sternum with
white hairs only. 1st-6th segments together nearly thrice as long as
mesonotum. Hypopygium small, black-brown. Cercus brown, subtriangular,
widest and slightly convex on apex, with short pale dorsal hairs and a
fan of strong setae on apico-ventral angle. Surstylus digitiform, with
shallow incision and short setae on apex.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 6.1 mm; antenna 1.9 mm; wing-length 6.1 mm;
wing-width 1.5 mm.
Distribution: West Kenya, Uganda.
Etymology. The species is named for the collector, A.E. Stubbs.
Diagnosis. C. stubbsi is an allied species for C. ungulatum,
differing by shape of cercus and other characters as following: all
femora, tibiae and basitarsomeres light-yellow, middle tibia with 2
anterior and 1 dorsal setae in middle part; 3d to 5th tarsomeres of
fore tarsus without long hairs, fore basitarsomere with ventral pile.
Chrysosoma tenuipenne Curran
Material examined. Male, N.Nigeria: Ilorin, 1912, Dr. J.W.
Scott-Macfie. Male, Uganda: Arua, 1919, Dr. R.E. McConnell / Pres. by
Imp. Bur. Ent. / 1919-314.
Diagnosis. C. tenuipenne is associated with a group of species
having black coxae and simple middle leg. Frons with one vertical and
one postvertical whitish hairs; antenna black; wing hyaline, but with
a brown round spot at apex; M2 as faint fold; lower calipter with
white cilia; cercus bifurcated, with densely setosed branches, ventral
branch with bladelike setae.
Distribution. Senegal, Nigeria,
Congo, Zaire, Uganda (!)
Chrysosoma leucopogon (Wiedemann)
Material examined. 1 male and 1 female, Kenya: Diani Beach,
VII-VIII.1951, N.L. H.Krauss. B.M. 1951-541; 1 male, Tanganyika T.:
Morogoro, 29.I.1917, A. Loveridge / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit.
Mus. 1932-301. 3 males and 13 females, Chagos Archipelago: Diego
Garcia: East Point, Eclipse Point, Pointe Marianne, Simpson's Point,
25.III-14.VI.1971 / A.M. Hutson, B.M. 1971-346 [some specimens with
additional labels: freshwater pool; broad leafed woodland by inland
marsh; dried inland marsh]; 3 females, Chagos Archipelago: Egmont
Atoll, Ile Sudest, 4.XI-XII.1972 / M.J.D. Hirons, Joint Services
Expedition. B.M. 1974-481. 1 male and 2 females, Maldive Is.: Addu
Atoll, 13.X.1958 / W.W. Phillips. B.M. 1958-654.
Diagnosis. C. leucopogon is the only Afrotropical species having
black callus at basal 1/5 of male hind tibia. Frons with a group of
whitish hairs; coxae black; femora mostly black; male middle leg
without long setae; middle basitarsomere mostly yellow but white in
distal 1/5, with a row of curved antero-ventral setae, second tarsomere
black with crocheted setae, fourth and fifth tarsomeres with flattened
white hairs forming distinct dorsal crest. Wing hyaline; m-cu slightly
sinuate; lower calipter with pale cilia. Females can be easily
recognized by 3 strong dorsal and 1 strong ventral setae on fore
tibia, 2 strong and long postero-dorsal and 2-3 strong ventral setae
on middle tibia.
Distribution. Tanzania, Kenya (!), Madagascar, Seychelles,
Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez, Aldabra, Maldives (!), Chagos
Archipelago, Burma, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, India, Indochina, Java,
Sumatra, Thailand, Queensland,
New Caledonia, Tahiti
Chrysosoma kuznetzovi sp.n. (Fig. 8)
Holotype. Male. N. Rhodesia: Lake Bangweulu, Nr. Monfuli,
2.X.1946.
Description. Frons broad, shining metallic green-violet, slightly
pollinose. A fine whitish front vertical hair on frons; long black
postvertical seta is positioned as a linear continuation of the row of
short postocular setae. Ventral postcranium covered with dense
irregular white hairs. Face green-violet, epistome bulging, slightly
pollinose, clypeus white pollinose, separated from eyes; face
narrowed, 1.3 times as high as wide under antennae. Palpi and
proboscis orange, palpus with light hairs and 2 black bristles.
Antenna black. Pedicel with short but strong bristles. First
flagellomere subtriangular, as long as high, with short hairs. Arista
apical (broken). Length ratio of scape to pedicel to first
flagellomere - 6:5:8.
Thorax metallic green-violet. Pleura grey pollinose. 2 strong
posterior and 3 hair-like anterior dorsocentral setae; 3 long
acrostichals. Scutellum with two strong bristles.
Legs mostly yellow. Middle and hind coxae and trochanters and
basal 2/3 of fore coxa bronze-black, apical segments of tarsi brown.
Fore coxa from the front with numerous white hairs and two yellow
preapical setae. Middle and hind coxae with a few white hairs. Fore
and middle femora with a row of long white ventral hairs in basal 2/3,
those hairs twice as long as femora diameter, hind femora with short
ventral hairs. First and second tarsomeres of fore tarsus ventrally
with dense pale pile of short hairs. Length ratio of fore coxa to
femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 3.0 : 5.3 :
5.4 : 4.5 : 1.5 : 0.9 : 0.7 : 0.6. Middle tibia with a row of short
erected postero-dorsal setulae, tarsus simple but fifth tarsomere with
a few short white hairs. Length ratio of middle coxa to femora to
tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 1.9 : 6.0 : 8.4 : 7.1
: 2.2 : 1.4 : 0.6 : 0.5. Hind tibia with 2-3 weak dorsal setae,
basitarsomere with short basoventral seta. Length ratio of hind coxa
to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 1.4 :
7.2 : 10.5 : 5.4 : 2.4 : 1.5 : 0.7 : 0.6.
Wings hyaline, veins brown. R4+5 gently curved to M1 at apex.
M1+2 and M1 form the right angle. M1 with gentle curvation to apex.
Ratio of parts of costa between R2+3 and R4+5 to those between R4+5
and M1 - 27 : 5. M2 present as short stub vein and faint fold on
membrane. Crossvein m-cu moderately sinuate. Ratio of crossvein m-cu,
measured along sinuation, to apical part of M1+2 (fork-handle) to
apical part of CuA - 60 : 49 : 30. Anal vein faint, anal lobe and
alula present. Anal angle sharp. Lower calipter yellow, with brown
edging and white hairs. Halteres yellow-brown, haltere stem thin,
twice as long as knob, with a row of short setulae in apical half.
Abdomen shining green-violet, with black hairs and bristles.
Apical border of segments narrowly black; first tergum with narrow
membranous excavation and white lateral hairs; sternum with white
hairs only. 1st-6th segments together nearly twice as long as
mesonotum. Hypopygium black-brown. Cercus orange-brown, dorsally
haired and deeply bifurcated with longer ventral thin arm, which has
two strong preapical setae and two groups of short setulae. Surstylus
with fine apical hairs and with apico-dorsal dens having long strong
seta. Hypandrial hood and arm unusually broad at apex.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 5.2 mm; postabdomen 1.0 mm; wing-length 5.4 mm;
wing-width 1.6 mm.
Distribution. Zambia.
Etymology. The species is named for Russian dipterologist Dr.
S.Yu. Kuznetzov.
Diagnosis. Keeping in mind variability of some characters within
Chrysosoma, the new species could be keyed as C. singulare, C.
corruptor or C. cilifemoratum, differing from all those species by
shape of cercus and other characters as following: legs mostly yellow;
anterior fore femora with long ventral hairs, first and second
tarsomeres of fore tarsus with ventral pile; middle tibia with short
erect postero-dorsal setulae;
middle tarsus simple.
Chrysosoma pomeroyi Curran
Material examined. Male, Cameroon Republic: West Cameroons, Bolo,
9.II.1970, R.H.L. Disney. Male, Nigeria: N.W. State, Kontagora River,
3 mls from Niger, 13.VIII.1970, P.H. Ward. B.M. 1970-604.
Diagnosis. C. pomeroyi is associated with a group of species
having black coxae and simple middle tibia and basitarsomere. Frons
with one whitish vertical hair; antenna yellow-brownish; wings
variously maculated, usually with brownish bands along costa and other
veins; m-cu, measured along sinuation, twice as long as fork-handle of
M1+2; lower calipter with white cilia; second to fifth tarsomeres of
middle tarsus with squamous dorsal comb of white hairs; cercus densely
haired, having short dorsal dens in the middle, broadened and rounded
on apex, with one dorsal thickened seta at apical 1/3, one
apico-ventral thickened seta and a few apical blade-like setae.
Distribution. Nigeria, Cameroun.
Chrysosoma zaitzevi sp.n. (Fig. 9)
Holotype. Male. N. Rhodesia: Lake Bangweulu, Mbawala Island,
X-XI.1946. Paratypes. 3 males, the same label.
Description. Frons broad, metallic green-violet, slightly
pollinose. Two fine whitish front vertical hairs on frons; strong
black postvertical seta is positioned as a linear continuation of the
row of short postocular setae. Ventral postcranium covered with dense
irregular white hairs. Face blue-green, epistome convex, slightly
pollinose, clypeus bulging, densely white pollinose, separated from
eyes; face narrowed, 1.2 times as high as wide under antennae. Palpi
and proboscis orange, palpus with light hairs and 2 black bristles.
Antenna black, 1.3 times as long as height of head. Pedicel with short
but strong bristles. First flagellomere subtriangular, as long as
high, with short hairs. Arista apical, bare and simple. Length ratio
of scape to pedicel to first flagellomere to arista - 7:5:10:135.
Mesonotum and scutellum metallic blue-green. Pleura bronze-green,
white pollinose. 2 strong posterior and 3 hair-like anterior
dorsocentral setae; 3 long acrostichals. Scutellum with two strong
bristles.
Legs mostly yellow. Coxae and trochanters, fore femora in basal
1/3, middle femora in basal 1/5, hind femora, apex of hind tibia and
hind tarsus black, apical segments of other tarsi brownish. Fore coxa
from the front with numerous white hairs and two black preapical
bristles. Middle and hind coxae with pale hairs, hind coxa with fine
black external seta. All femora ventrally and hind femora
postero-dorsally with white hairs in basal half, longest on fore and
hind femora, where they 1.5 times as long as femora diameter. Fore
tibia with 2 weak dorsal and 1-2 apical setae. Fore tarsomeres
ventrally with dense pale pile of very short hairs. Length ratio of
fore coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first to fifth)
- 3.5 : 6.3 : 7.0 : 4.8 : 1.5 : 0.9 : 0.7 : 0.6. Middle tibia with 4
anterior, 1-2 dorsal, 1 ventral and 4 or 5 apical short bristles.
Middle basitarsomere with 1-2 short and weak dorsal setae in middle
third; fourth and fifth tarsomeres with comb of white hairs. Length
ratio of middle coxa to femora to tibia to tarsus (segments from first
to fifth) - 2.4 : 7.5 : 11.5 : 7.7 : 2.5 : 1.6 : 0.8 : 0.7. Hind tibia
with anterior, dorsal and ventral weak setae. Hind basitarsomere with
weak basoventral seta. Length ratio of hind coxa to femora to tibia to
tarsus (segments from first to fifth) - 1.8 : 9.0 : 13.5 : 6.0 : 2.7 :
1.7 : 0.8 : 0.7.
Wings mostly hyaline, with brownish bands and spots along costa
and other veins, veins brown-black. R4+5 nearly straight. M1+2 and M1
form obtuse angle. M1 slightly concave. Ratio of parts of costa
between R2+3 and R4+5 to those between R4+5 and M1 - 24 : 5. M2
present as short stub vein and faint fold on membrane. Crossvein m-cu
strongly sinuate. Ratio of crossvein m-cu, measured along sinuation,
to apical part of M1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of CuA (upto the
wing border) - 80 : 45 : 30. Anal vein faint, anal lobe and alula
present. Anal angle sharp. Lower calipter orange, with black edging
and pale hairs. Halteres brown, haltere stem thin, thrice as long as
knob, with a row of short setulae at apex.
Abdomen shining green-violet, with silvery reflection somewhere,
with black hairs and bristles. Apical border of segments narrowly
black; first tergum with narrow membranous excavation and white
lateral hairs; sternum mainly with long white hairs. 1st-6th segments
together nearly twice as long as mesonotum. Hypopygium small, black.
Cercus black, rounded on apex, with pale dorsal and dark apical hairs,
with pointed dorsal apophysis; a row of setae extending to the tip of
thin dorsal apophysis; at apex cercus with two strong apicoventral
setae and with wide setosed apicoventral incision. Surstylus with
shallow excavation and short hairs on apex.
Female. Unknown.
Length: body 5.7 - 6.1 mm; antenna 2.4 mm; wing-length 5.8 - 6.5
mm; wing-width 1.7 - 1.9 mm.
Distribution: Zambia.
Etymology. The species is named for Russian dipterologist Dr.
V.F. Zaitzev.
Diagnosis. C. zaitzevi is keyed as C. tractatum and can be
distinguished by combination of characters such as following. Antenna
black; wing with brown bands and spots along veins; lower calipter
with pale cilia, all coxae and hind femora entirely black; all femora
with white hairs in basal half; fore tarsus with ventral pile; middle
leg without long setae or short erect setulae, fourth and fifth
tarsomeres of middle tarsus white haired; cercus not bifurcated, but
with pointed dorsal apophysis.
Remark. In his key to the species of Chrysosoma, Becker (1923)
mentioned for C. tractatum 2 ventral bristles on middle basitarsomere.
This position of bristles is unusual for the genus. In species
diagnosis Becker described 2 elongated hairs, one at base and another
at apex of the same tarsomere, without indication of their position.
If those hairs referred to dorsal side of the tarsomere, little
difference between C. tractatum
and C. biciliatum could be found.
Key to Afrotropical species of Chrysosoma (s.s.)
(Some pairs of species cannot be distinguished using published
descriptions. Females usually cannot be identified without males of
the same series. ?C. laeve, known only from female, and species of
the subgenus Kalocheta are not included)
1. Male middle basitarsomere dorsally ornamented with long fine setae
or cilia, which at least thrice as long as tarsomere diameter....2
- Middle basitarsomere without long setae, sometimes with short
erect ciliation (some species are known only from females)......26
2. Middle basitarsomere with a row of cilia, which 3 or 4 times as
long as tarsomere diameter.......................................3
- Middle basitarsomere with setae much longer......................6
3. First flagellomere as long as head height.........................
.................................?C. garambaensis (?Plagiozopelma)
- First flagellomere approximately as long as high.................4
4. Second tarsomere of fore tarsus 2/3 to 3/4 as long as basitarsomere,
the last swollen and ventrally ciliated in apical half............
.................................................C. albocrinitatum
- Second tarsomere of fore tarsus 2/5 to 2/7 as long as
basitarsomere....................................................5
5. First and second tarsomeres of fore tarsus with ventral pile of
short fine cilia.....................C. crinipes; C. tarsiciliatum
- Fore tarsus not ciliated.................C. consentium; C. vividum
6. Middle basitarsomere with white preapical ring, which usually
covered with very short yellow pectination on dorsal side........7
- Middle basitarsomere dark or yellow, without white preapical ring
covered with yellow pectination..................................9
7. Middle basitarsomere with five long setae; middle tibia with five
to seven long setae; hind femora entirely or almost entirely black
........................................C. gemmeum; C. hargreavesi
- Middle basitarsomere with only three long setae; middle tibia with
one or two long setae............................................8
8. Middle tibia with one long seta; hind femora black in basal sixth,
with long ventral and posterior hairs...............C. tricrinitum
- Middle tibia with two long setae; hind femora black except apical
quarter and bare.........................................C. bacchi
9. Middle basitarsomere with no more than three long setae; middle
tibia usually without long setae................................10
- Middle basitarsomere with at least four long setae; middle tibia
usually with numerous long setae................................13
10. Middle basitarsomere with one long seta; cercus broad and
broadened apicad, with thin short-setosed apico-ventral and
apico-dorsal digits..................................C. zinovjevi
- Middle basitarsomere with two long setae; cercus either simple,
without apophysis, or shallow bifurcated, with dorsal lobe having
apical bundle of long hairs....................................11
- Middle basitarsomere with three long setae; cercus simple, with
short dorsal apophysis.........................................12
11. Cercus shallow bifurcated, with equal lobes; hind femora black...
..................................................C. aequilobatum
- Cercus simple, without apophysis; femora blackish in basal half..
....................................................C. biciliatum
12. Middle tibia without long setae; middle tibia and tarsus without
erect pectination.......................................C. bredoi
- Middle tibia with 3 long setae; middle tibia and tarsus with erect
pectination.........................................C. hirsutulum
13. Wing vein m-cu slightly sinuate.....................C. katangense
- Wing vein m-cu strongly sinuate................................14
14. Cercus deeply bifurcated, with thin equal lobes; middle tibia with
5 to 8 long setae; middle basitarsomere with 5 to 7 long setae;
second to fourth tarsomeres with 1 or 2 apico-dorsal setae; fifth
tarsomere white haired.............................C. senegalense
- Cercus usually not bifurcated, with or without short dorsal
apophysis......................................................15
15. Antenna yellow, sometimes partly reddish-brown.................16
- Antenna black, sometimes partly brown..........................20
16. Cercus strongly curved, gradually thinned towards apex, without
apophysis; wing blackish, with whitish median transverse band;
femora entirely reddish-yellow; second to fifth tarsomeres of
middle tarsus without remarkable hairs...........C. albilimbatum
- Cercus with one dorsal apophysis; hind femora at least partly
black-brown; apical tarsomeres of middle tarsus usually white
haired.........................................................17
17. Wing vein m-cu, measured along sinuation, thrice as long as
fork-handle....................................................18
- Wing vein m-cu, measured along sinuation, no more than twice as
long as fork-handle............................................19
18. Fore femora widely black at base; middle tibia with 7 or 8 long
setae; middle basitarsomere with 7 long setae; second to fifth
tarsomeres with a row of white hairs, without black hairs........
.....................................................C. continuum
- Fore femora narrowly black at base; middle tibia with 6 long
setae decreasing towards base; middle basitarsomere with 6 long
setae; second and third tarsomeres with black dorsal setation;
third to fifth tarsomeres with white hairs........C. varivittatum
19. Middle tibia with 10 long setae; middle basitarsomere with 7 long
setae; other tarsomeres simple; femora reddish, narrow base and
apex of hind femora brown..............................C. liberia
- Middle tibia with 6 long setae; middle basitarsomere with 5 long
setae; last tarsomeres with dorsal comb of white hairs; femora
red-brown with blackish dorsal stripe.................C. repertum
20. Cercus long and thin, truncated and widest at apex, with apophysis
in apical quarter; middle tibia with 5 to 7 long setae, decreasing
in length towards base; middle basitarsomere with 5 long setae;
second to fourth tarsomeres with one apical seta; fifth and
sometimes fourth tarsomeres white haired; femora reddish-yelow...
.......................................................C. lavinia
- Cercus broad and broadened apicad, shallow excavated on apex,
with numerous dark hairs on either side except baso-ventral half
of cercus; middle tibia with 8 long setae; middle basitarsomere
with 6 long setae; other tarsomeres with short black hairs,
brownish on fifth article; femora black..........C. tanasijtshuki
- Cercus usually thin and thinned towards apex, with apophysis in
basal half; other features various.............................21
21. Cercus very thin in apical half and pointed on apex............22
- Cercus rounded on apex.........................................23
22. Cercus with apophysis at base; middle tibia with 5 antero-dorsal
and 8 or 9 postero-dorsal long setae; middle basitarsomere with 8
long setae.........................................C. triumphator
- Cercus with apophysis in front of the middle; middle tibia with 7
antero-dorsal, 8 postero-dorsal and 1 apico-ventral long setae;
middle basitarsomere with 4 long setae...............C. angolense
23. Middle tibia with 4 long postero-dorsal setae; second to fifth
tarsomeres of middle tarsus without remarkable ciliation.........
.....................................................C. speciosum
- Middle tibia with 5 to 10 long posterodorsal setae, sometimes
decreasing in length towards base; second to fifth tarsomeres of
middle tarsus with elongated hairs.............................24
24. First and second tarsomeres of middle tarsus with additional row
of short dorsal hairs, which hardly longer than tarsomere
diameter; middle tibia with 5 to 8 long setae; middle
basitarsomere with 6 to 8 long setae...............C. mesotrichum
- First and second tarsomeres of middle tarsus with additional row
of short dorsal hairs, which more than twice as long as tarsomere
diameter; middle tibia with 7 to 10 long postero-dorsal setae;
middle basitarsomere with 6 to 10 long setae...................25
25. Part of cercus from dens upto the apex 7-8 times as long as cercus
width at apex......................................C. schoutedeni
25. Part of cercus from dens upto the apex thrice as long as cercus
width at apex.......................................C. fortunatum
26. At least fore coxa yellow......................................27
- All coxae black, sometimes fore coxa yellow at apex............46
27. All coxae yellow...............................................28
- Only fore coxa yellow..........................................31
28. Abdomen entirely metallic; fore and middle legs without erect
hairs..........................................................29
- Abdomen partly yellow; fore and middle tibiae and tarsi with erect
pubescence.....................................................30
29. All basitarsomeres yellow..........................C. aestimabile
- Tarsi entirely black (female)....................?C. micantifrons
30. Antenna yellow; frons brilliant; fore coxa with yellow apical
bristles; first to fourth abdomenal segments at least partly
yellow.............................................?C. trigemmans
- Antenna black; frons entirely pollinose; fore coxa with black apical
bristles; only first abdomenal segment yellow..........C. asperum
31. Antenna yellow-brownish........................................32
- Antenna black..................................................35
32. Wing brownish with round white spots in the middle and along
posterior edge......................................C. marginatum
- Wing hyaline or monochrome; fore basitarsomere flattened.......33
33. Wing vein m-cu sinuate; fore basitarsomere with curved basal seta
.......................................................C. vagator
- Vein m-cu straight.............................................34
34. Fore tibia with 3 long apico-ventral bristles; last tarsomeres of
fore tarsus simple................................C. pallidicorne
- Fore tibia without long bristles; last tarsomeres of fore and hind
tarsi slightly enlarged.............?C. centrale (?Amblypsilopus)
35. Wing distinctly maculated......................................36
- Wing hyaline, monochrome or evenly darkened along costa........37
36. Wing with three separated spots..........................C. carum
- Wing brown with two windows and hyaline posterior edge (female)..
..................................................C. alboguttatum
37. Wing vein m-cu straight (female)......................C. benignum
- Vein m-cu sinuate or distinctly convex.........................38
38. Middle tibia and tarsus with erect pubescence..................39
- Middle tibia and tarsus without erect pubescence...............40
39. Apical part of CuA1 nearly half as long as m-cu......C. singulare
- Apical part of CuA1 approximately as long as m-cu........C. woodi
40. Cercus short and pointed; 4 or 5 dorsocentral setae; size 3 mm...
.....................................................C. praelatum
- Cercus not pointed; 2 or 3 dorsocentrals; size about 5 mm......41
41. Cercus not bifurcated..........................................42
- Cercus bifurcated..............................................44
42. Cercus digitiform, with short dens in the middle...C. pauperculum
- Cercus subtriangular, widest at apex...........................43
43. Cercus with wide apical excavation; middle tibia with 1 basodorsal
seta.................................................C. ungulatum
- Cercus slightly convex on apex; middle tibia with 2 anterior
and 1 dorsal setae in the middle.......................C. stubbsi
44. First abdomenal segment densely snow-white pollinose; haltere
yellow-brown with black apex of knob................C. minusculum
- First abdomenal segment metallic; haltere monochrome...........45
45. Middle and hind coxae with pale ciliation............C. corruptor
- Middle and hind coxae with black ciliation.............C. gracile
46. Wing hyaline but with a brown round spot at apex....C. tenuipenne
- Wing with another type of maculation...........................47
47. Lower calipter with pale cilia.................................48
- Lower calipter with black cilia................................57
48. Male hind tibia with basal ring-shaped callus; fourth tarsomere of
middle tarsus white; female anterior four tibiae with a few long
dorsal and ventral setae............................C. leucopogon
- Legs without such characters...................................49
49. Femora yellow, sometimes yellow-brownish.......................50
- At least hind femora black.....................................55
50. Females........................................................51
- Males..........................................................52
51. Vein m-cu as long as fork-handle M1+2..............C. senegalense
- Vein m-cu, measured along sinuation, 1.5 - 2 times as long as
fork-handle M1+2...................C. schoutedeni; C. mesotrichum
52. Middle tarsus with simple setulae; middle tibia with short
postero-dorsal erect setulae; cercus deeply bifurcated...........
....................................................C. kuznetzovi
- Middle tarsus with erect pectination and/or white hairs........53
53. Antenna brownish; second to fifth tarsomeres of middle tarsus with
a squamous dorsal comb of white hairs; middle tibia and tarsus
without erect pectination; cercus not bifurcated.......C. pomeroi
- Antenna black; second to fifth tarsomeres of middle tarsus without
white hairs; middle tibia and tarsus with erect pectination....54
54. Cercus deeply bifurcated; middle leg along entire length with
short dorsal ciliation, becoming erect apicad....C. cilifemoratum
- Cercus not bifurcated; middle leg without dorsal ciliation.......
.....................................................C. ituriense
55. Wing black-brown, whitish along posterior edge, with narrow white
transverse band, falling down from R1 (female)......C. praecipuum
- Wing hyaline; male middle tibia and tarsus with irregular erect
setulae................................................C.gromieri
- Wing with brown bands and spots along costa and other veins....56
56. Middle basitarsomere with two ventral bristles, other tarsomeres
without remarkable hairs.............................C. tractatum
- Middle basitarsomere without ventral bristles, fourth and fifth
tarsomeres of the same tarsus with white dorsal hairs............
......................................................C. zaitzevi
57. Antenna at least partly yellow-red; cercus usually simple......58
- Antenna black; cercus bifurcated...............................60
58. Cercus fairly bifurcated; fore and middle femora black except
apical quarter; first three tarsomeres of middle tarsus brownish.
.........................................................C. norma
- Cercus not bifurcated; fore femora black in basal quarter, middle
femora black in basal 3/5; middle tarsus whitish...............59
59. Antenna pale-yellow; mesonotum with two bronze stripes; middle
femora with exclusively yellow ventral setae; hind tibia yellow..
......................................................C. zephirum
- Antenna red-brown; mesonotum without distinct stripes; middle
femora with black ventral setae in the middle; hind tibia black..
..................................................C. aequatoriale
60. First abdomenal segment with snow-white band; middle tarsus
without remarkable hairs............................C. ostentatum
- Abdomen metallic; third and fourth tarsomeres of middle tarsus
ornamented with black and white
setae..................C. petersi
Acknowledgements
I am sincerely grateful to Dr. Brian Pitkin and Dr. Laslo Papp for
their kindness in giving me the opportunity to study the collections
of the Natural History Museum (London) and the Hungarian Natural
History Museum (Budapest). Dr. Daniel Bickel generously provided his
valuable monograph.
References
Becker Th. 1923. Dipterologische Studien: Dolichopodidae. D.
Aethiopische Region. - Entomol. Mitteilungen, 12, 1: 1-50.
Bickel D.J. 1994. The Australian Sciapodinae (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae), with a review of the Oriental and Australasian
faunas, and a world conspectus of the subfamily. - Rec. Austral.
Mus., Suppl. 21: 1-394.
Curran C.H. 1927a. New Dolichopodidae from the Ethiopian Region.
- Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9, 19: 1-16.
Dyte C.E. & Smith K.G.V. 1980. Family Dolichopodidae. In R.W.
Crosskey (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, p. 443-463.
Grichanov I.Ya. 1995. Afrotropical species of the subgenus
Kalocheta Becker (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Chrysosoma
Guerin-Meneville). - Int. J. Dipter. Res., v.6, N 4, p.365-368.
Grichanov I.Ya. (in litt.) Four new species of the genus
Amblypsilopus Bigot (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Tropical Africa and
Papua New Guinea. - Int. J. Dipter. Res.
Grichanov I.Ya. (in litt.) Gigantosciapus (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae), a new genus from Tropical Africa. - Int. J. Dipter.
Res.
Grichanov, I.Ya. (in litt.) A brief review of Ethiopian fauna of
the subfamily Sciapodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with descriptions
of the new species. - Int. J. Dipter. Res.
Parent O. 1933. Quelques Dipteres Dolichopodides exotiques du
Musee de Bruxelles. - Bull. Mus. roy. Hist. nat. Belg., 9, 20: 1-9.
Remark under figures
Figs. 1-4, 7-9. Hypopygium, lateral view. Figs. 5-6. Cercus,
left lateral view.
1, C. crinipes Parent
2, C. gemmeum (Walker)
3, C. zinovjevi sp.n.
4, C. tanasijtshuki sp.n.
5, C. mesotrichum (Bezzi)
6, C. fortunatum Parent
7, C. stubbsi sp.n.
8, C. kuznetzovi sp.n.
9, C. zaitzevi sp.n.